Gm Foods Essay -- essays research papers

Genetically Modified Foods: Harmful to Nature   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The process of Genetically Modified (GM) Foods is the way of the future, it is promised to help eliminate world hunger across the world. Genetically modified foods are going to create a healthier, drought resistant crops which do not need any sprayed chemicals, but that is not the case. Genetically Modified Foods, are unsafe because of the many organisms in the food that may affect the body, which has not been identified yet. It is estimated that 2/3 of the United States supermarket may contain Genetically Modified Foods, or Genetically Modified ingredients. Genetically Modified Foods can cause allergies, destroy ecosystems, and are dangerous to eat. Therefore they should not be allowed to distribute them in our supermarkets. Genetically Modified Foods are a health hazard and will not improve anything except create more world issues.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Genetically Modified Foods should not be mistaken with Hybrid crops. Hybrid crops are plants whom breed with other plants producing a better offspring, for the consumtion of the consumer. Genetically Modified Foods are plants that have had their DNA tampered or mixed with another gene or chemical, producing a brand new strand of DNA. It is believed that when mixing the DNA and genes in Genetically Modified Foods is that, it will create a better nutritious long lasting fruit or plant for the consumer. Producing new strands of DNA can be deadly, as it can produce wild outcomes that may not be able to be controlled. What the unknown is that, the consequences maybe deadly to the consumer, it is unknown how the human body can react the tampered food.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Previously stated, Genetically Modified Foods have probably been eaten already at least once by the population. Once again 2/3 of America has genetically modified foods in thier supermarket. With a high percentage, people wonder what the long term effects may be in the long run in food consumption. The crop most altered is the Soy Bean, the 2nd most altered crop is Corn. Soy Bean is an ingredient used in almost everything we eat or consume, it is found in milk, candies, cookies, bread, ice cream, and even baby food. This means Genetically modified foods can be in anything we eat and we wont even know it, nor does it make the food smell or taste any ... ...t the balance of the ecosystem, and if an specie is unable to survive, it will cause the food chain to collapse.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since Genetically Modified ingredients aren't listed on nutrition labels, any extra iron or vitamin A will be unknown to the consumer. The consumer will be unaware of the danger he or she may put herself into if she has a weak metabolism. A consumer may look at a label and think everything is perfectly fine but is unaware of da extra iron in the product produced by the Genetically Modified soybeans. Too much iron in a body can cause neurological brain damage. Other similar incidents may occur if the consumers body is weak and cannot consume nor react properly to an overdose of a certain nutrient.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Until Genetically Modified Foods are safe to consume by any organism, they should not be produced or sold to the consumer. Consumers are unaware of the food they are buying if it is labelled, and are unaware of the health risk they are putting themselves in. With all the problems around G.M Foods, they is no reason to be growing, manufacturing, or selling Genetically Modified Foods, without letting the consumer know.

Jewish Sexual Ethics Essay

Sexual Ethics are integral to Judaism because they provided direct guidance on how to behave morally and in accordance with the Torah and God. Although, over many years Jews were suffering from persecution, they are currently showing stability which can be attributed to the framework that is outlined through the strong ethics that they uphold. Sexual ethics provide guidance on how to behave morally, righteously and in accordance to the Torah as well as preventing promiscuity, infidelity, immorality and sexual acts which hinder the constancy of Judaism. The teachings on Adultery, homosexuality, contraception and pre-marital sex provide a framework for Jewish conduct through re-iterating the principle beliefs of monogamy, procreation, fidelity and the covenant made between Moses, Abraham and God in a practical manner. Sexually ethical conduct is essential as it promotes behaviour that is respectful, consensual, faithful, morally correct and righteous. Sexually ethical conduct provides Judaism with moral framework for procreation, fidelity and the ability to maintain faith. Adultery is the most valued sexual ethical teaching in Judaism because it breaks the covenant made between Abraham and Moses and defies the principle beliefs of love and fidelity. Adultery directly defies the Jewish belief of love, commitment and the sacred institution of marriage and is immoral because it put in jeopardy the family unit which disintegrates love between partners and inturn breaks honest and trust. In addition to this, as monotheists, Jews believe in fidelity and procreation and adultery damages and destabilises the social framework for Jewish conduct thus providing behaviour that is evil and unethical. The universal condemnation of adultery by Orthodox, Conservative, Reform and Liberal Jews indicates that adultery is immoral as it breaks the word of God. The united stance on adultery reflects the value of marriage and this is evident in the Torah where it states, â€Å"Do not commit adultery† in the Ten Commandments. This is further emphasised in the commandment, â€Å"You shall not covet your neighbours wife. † Furthermore, the universal condemnation of adultery by all Jewish variants reflects Jewish beliefs as t protects society from promiscuity, disease and deformed birth which have the potential to jeopardise the framework for Jewish conduct and hence continue the tradition in stability and morality. This results in society being spiritually and ritually clean, also promote the belief of fidelity and honesty, which will inturn encourage Judaism to be moral and stable. Sexually ethical conduct is crucial promotes the beliefs in God’s true intentions; that love was between a man and a woman. In addition to this, the morality and stability of Judaism is affected by the restriction of procreation which comes with the act of homosexuality. The importance of life and procreation is clearly evident in the Jewish stance on homosexuality as Jewish religion and community is against homosexuality, regarding it as sinful, whether gay or lesbian, as it destabilises the framework for Jewish conduct. Homosexuality is not the ideal state in Judaism and is a challenge to the ideal of marriage and family as it inhibits longevity and continuity of the tradition thus destabilising the religion through immoral acts. It is important to note that it is homosexual acts, not homosexual orientations that are forbidden as Judaism focuses on a person’s actions rather than a person’s desires. In addition to this, it defies sodomy, hence promoting the principle beliefs of fidelity and ritual cleanliness. Homosexuality defies the direct word of God to ‘Go forth and multiply’ (Genesis 1:28), because it promotes infidelity, ritual uncleanliness and consequently jeopardising the framework for Jewish conduct. This can be reinforced as stated it Leviticus, â€Å"No man is to have sexual relations with another man, God hates that†. (18:22). Such an act is condemned in the strongest possible terms as it is abhorrent and is punishable by death by the Orthodox Jews. The Orthodox stance on homosexuality can be reinforced as Leviticus states, â€Å"If a man lies with a man as one lies with a woman, both of them have done what is detestable. They must be put to death† (20:13). Furthermore, progressive and conservative jews are more likely to accept homosexuality, but those who are homosexual are discouraged from practising and expressing their inclination. The act of homosexuality may not be an ideal state in Judaism but due to modern advancements, is slowly making its way into becoming accepted. Sexually ethical conduct is essential as it allows Jews to follow a framework that has established the belief in the need for procreation. The act of spilling seed directly defies and destabilises the belief in procreation and the right to bear children with your partner. In addition to this, the act of contraception defies the mitzvah to marry, procreate and have children. The methods of contraception allowed under Jewish law are those that don’t damage the sperm or prevent it from getting to the intended destination, such as contraceptive pill. This is because the Tenakh states that God wanted humans to populate the earth. The religious view on birth control is based on the principle that it is a commandment to marry and have children and it is forbidden to â€Å"waste seed†. This law is based on the story of Onan (Gen 38:8-10) who was killed by God for practicing coitus interruptus as a means of birth control. Contraception also interferes with procreation, taught in the first commandment of the Torah; â€Å"Be fruitful and multiply†. Furthermore, reformed and liberal Jews allow birth control for a large number of reasons, such a reason may be when the pregnancy may in anyway harm the carrier of the baby. However, Orthodox Jews are more restrictive and believe that contraception shouldn’t be used for selfish reasons or to completely avoid having children. Through this sexual ethical teaching, Judaism has been able to maintain a framework by which it can remain in a righteous and unwavering state. Sexually ethical conduct is fundamental to the stability and morality of Judaism as it provides guidelines to the correct way to treat marriage and the fact that it is disrespectful to defy the belief in love and marriage. In additions to this, acts that defy love are considered insolent and go against the moral framework that guides Judaism. Judaism believes in the importance of marriage in the development and completeness of the human being and that a person must take responsibility for the partner and relationships must continue. Thus, Judaism doesn’t permit sexual relations between partners prior to marriage, as a sexual act itself is such a powerful force in defining a relationship. A sexual failure can destroy a relationship despite prior declarations of love. The only way to ensure that there will be some degree of responsibility after sex through the act of marriage. In the Torah, the word used for sex means â€Å"to know†, which indicates that Jews believed sex involved the heart and mind as well as the body. The divine idea that a man and woman are to become â€Å"one flesh† (Gen 2:24), indicated sacred elements presents, the sexual act symbolising the union of those created in God’s image. Thus, all strains of Judaism view sex as permissible only within the sanctity of marriage. This view enables Judaism to remain honest and secure because of the framework that they follow. To conclude, Sexual Ethics are vital to Judaism because they provided direct guidance on how to behave morally and in accordance with the Torah and God. Sexual ethics as demonstrated and described in the Torah include Adultery, Homosexuality, Contraception and Pre-marital sex. Each of these plays a pivotal role in providing a framework for the conduct that Jews must follow to ensure that the tradition may continue in stability and morality.

“How Happy Is The Blameless Vestal’S Lot. The World...

â€Å"How happy is the blameless vestal’s lot The world forgetting, by the world forgot. Eternal sunshine of the spotless mind! Each pray’r accepted, and each wish resign’d.† The quote stated above by Alexander Pope in simple term is highlighting that idea â€Å"Ignorance is bliss†. Vestal refers to a Roman goddess or a virgin priestess. He is stating their fate; being virgins in a temple is a happy one (not having sex or keeping away from any form of corruption); who devote their life to God cutting off from the world and are happy due to their ignorance. They forget about the world and the world forgets about them, neither needing to think for each other. And a mind that doesn’t dwell in the past and the emotions that come with it is a true†¦show more content†¦She also resents and grieves over the damage that was caused to Abelard’s reputation in her professional life and as a scholar. This painful situation causes her to plead for forgetfulness both of her unconditional love and the pain it has caused her. The themes of Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind are very similar to Eloisa to Abelard. Eternal Sunshine is a love story and clear binary opposition (Graeme Turner, 104) The theme in Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind is a guy named Joel who is withdrawn and introverted discovers that his long- timed girlfriend Clementine, who is eccentric and extroverted decides to undergo a Psychiatrist experimental procedure in which she will able to remove her memories of Joel and their toxic relationship. Clementine is also described as an impulsive person and chooses to remove her memory of Joel after an intense argument they have. The couple has tried to make their relationship work for years but they are unable to due to communication problems and trust issues. Joel is stunned to discover that his girlfriend has had her memories of their turbulent relationship erased. After finding out about what Clementine had done he gets very upset and out of desperation he also reaches out to the same doctor to have his memories removed too of his toxic relationship. As Joel is going th rough the process of getting his memories removed, he begins to regret his decision as he beings to

Heart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad - 964 Words

Joseph Conrad’s treatment of race in â€Å"Heart of Darkness† differs significantly from Neil Bissoondath’s â€Å"I’m Not Racist But†¦Ã¢â‚¬  From Neil Bissoondath’s perspective, racial discrimination occurs everywhere and is conducted by everyone, either willfully or ignorantly. Bissoondath’s attempt is to inform the reader of the connection between stereotyping and racism and in turn condemns such acts. Joseph Conrad’s â€Å"Heart of Darkness,† however, exposes the brutality of the Europeans on Africans. While Bissoondath’s work addresses the sensitivity of racial judgement and racial superiority intended to bring hatred or abuse used against any given group of individuals, Conrad’s work describes how the Africans are racially judged and brutally treated by the European settlers. According to Conrad, the European settlers suppressed Africans from their freedom and supplied no medical care nor food. By domin ating over the Africans, the European settlers in Africa are not only able to use the Africans as cheap labours but are also able to exploit the African’s raw materials with less restriction. Nevertheless, both Bissoondath and Conrad condemn the community on their approach to racial treatment. According to Bissoondath, racial hatred is widely used either innocently or deliberately and â€Å"comes from lack of experience,† or â€Å"willful ignorance† (Bissoondath, 84) against those with different cultural taste, different skin colour or of a different gender. Bissoondath warns against the use of anyShow MoreRelatedHeart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad1471 Words   |  6 PagesIn the story Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad a sailor decides to travel to Africa on a whim, using family connections he enlists as the captain of a ship travelling up the Congo River. The novella provides many themes, however is the text in itself racist? One of the main concepts portrayed in Heart of Darkness is the treatment of the natives of Africa and their image. This is most commonly shown through the disparity of the image between what is said in the novel and what can be read throughRead MoreHeart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad Essay1371 Words   |  6 Pagesevery human and eve rything created by humans has two sides to it: the form and the substance. Joseph Conrad’s novella â€Å"Heart of Darkness† shows precisely how dangerous it is to put our trust in a concept, for example: colonization, without realizing that most of the time one only gets to see the form and not the substance. In this essay, my purpose is to demonstrate that â€Å"Heart of Darkness† by Joseph Conrad is mainly a novella about the discrepancy between substance and form. In order to prove my pointRead MoreHeart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad1378 Words   |  6 PagesWoytassek AP English 12 Heart of Darkness Reading Log Author: Joseph Conrad Title: Heart of Darkness Original Publication Date: 1899 Kind of Writing: Heart of Darkness is a colonial novella of an expository narrative. Writer’s Purpose and Intended Audience Joseph Conrad wrote Heart of Darkness because he wanted to expose human temptation to experiment with darkness when one’s own desires overcome one’s morals. By writing from his own experience of exploring the Congo, Conrad draws conclusions thatRead MoreThe Heart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad983 Words   |  4 PagesThe Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad is a story that takes place in the early 1890s and presents us with an odyssey of a traveler known as Marlow who confronts the dangers of the Congo jungle while also witnessing the wicked, inhumane treatment of the African natives. In the story, Marlow represents Joseph Conrad who had actually traveled up the Congo in 1890 and witnessed the European exploitation of the African natives firsthand. In the Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad exposes the inhumanityRead MoreHeart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad1350 Words   |  6 Pagesyears, Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad was a treasured classic, with many honourable themes and messages, as the author reveals the true nature of humanity by following an European sailor’s journey through the dark jungles of Africa and down the river Congo, all while watching as his own humanity changes. As society has evolved, however, Heart of Darkness has come under scrutiny, as the language is quite racist. Chinua Achebe, writer of An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad’s Heart of DarknessRead MoreHeart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad1329 Words   |  5 Pages Heart of Darkness is a novel written by Joseph Conrad. The setting of the book is in Belgian Congo, which was the most infamous European colony in Africa. This is a story about the protagonist Marlow’s journey to self discovery, and his experiences in Congo. Conrad’s story explores the colonialism period in Africa to demonstrate Marlow’s struggles. Along the way, he faces insanity, death, his fear of failure, and cultural contamination as he makes his was to the inner station. Conrad through theRead MoreThe Heart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad968 Words   |  4 PagesJoseph Conrad’s novella The Heart of Darkness has been under controversy because of racial interpretations. The race factor in this novel has made some scholars and professors question the function the novella has in the classroom. However, Joseph Conrad had another view when writing the novel; to demonstrate how prejudice and dehumanizing the European culture is towards African Americans and their culture during this time period. European’s superior authority over African Americans is portrayedRead MoreHeart Of Darkness, By Joseph Conrad1306 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is the â€Å"horror† in Heart of Darkness, and what particular literary images develop that idea of horror in the novel? In Joseph Conrad’s, Heart of Darkness, there can be many literary images found within that develop the idea of horror. Heart of Darkness is noted for its horror within the Congo between the Africans and the Europeans. The horror in Heart of Darkness is a contribution of many ideas that are formed and contributed from the European colonists. The purpose of this essay aims to argueRead MoreHeart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad1076 Words   |  5 PagesWritten in the late 1800’s, Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness is a novella about one man’s travel into the Congo Free State by way of the Congo River. The title â€Å"Heart of Darkness† actually holds two different meanings. Heart of Darkness is both a metaphor for a psychological â€Å"dark side† of man, and an allusion to Africa. The title suggests both a physical and mental reference. During the time the novel takes place, Africa was nick-named the dark continent because of how little the Europeans knewRead MoreHeart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad Essay1483 Words   |  6 PagesJoseph Conrad, author of Heart of Darkness, intriguingly uses an unnamed narrator in his novel that clearly becomes of importance right away in the introduction. Conrad’s narrator chooses to speak of the historical period in which Roman colonization took over what we now know as Great Britain. By connecting a Roman colonization story to one almost 2000 years later talking about the Belgians in Africa, Conrad reveals one of his own themes in the novel. He proposes that the Romans and Belgians

Travels of a T-Shirt Book Report Essay - 1335 Words

Question 1: Write a summary of this book Often, when we think of a t-shirt, not much consideration goes past throwing it on and walking out the door. We discover in The Travels of a T-Shirt in the Global Economy, author Pietra Rivoli conveys the story of a t-shirt she purchased in Florida for just $5.99. Beginning with core element of the t-shirt, she describes the cotton boom in the United States and why we have reigned supreme as the leading cotton producer. She even meets with a Texan farmer who warms your heart from the very beginning of the chapter. Next, the cotton goes on to textile mills and factories, and Rivoli explains the history of the textile industry. With this lesson, she demonstrates how the textile industry boom was a†¦show more content†¦Her writing style takes into consideration those with very little economic awareness and fluidly phrases things into laymans terms. She is able to expand on the most complex ideas, such as quotas and tariffs in the textile industry, and still paint a complete pic ture in the mind of the reader. The relevance of this book can be measured by its ability to speak to the everyday individual, who may or may not know anything about economics, and plant the seed toward global economic education. It provides a keen social awareness to people who may or may not ordinarily care about international economics and can have an eye-opening effect toward what really happens in the textile industry. Rivoli also raises some substantial points about free trade and protectionism. After the facts are presented, she identifies that most of these alleged free markets aren’t actually free at all. She explains that quotas, political relationships, and labor issues make these markets restricted from being completely free. She writes a story of the wealth enhancing possibilities of globalization in some settings but a ‘cant win trap in others, a trap where power imbalances and poorly functioning politics and markets seem to doom the economic future. Question 3: Is the author arguing for free trade or protectionism? Explain. Rivoli is not making an argument for either side of protectionism or free trade. Of course, as an avid economist, Rivoli advocates free trade, asShow MoreRelatedArticle Report On The Best Snowboarding Helmets1194 Words   |  5 PagesJoined: 11 years ago Country: United States Contact The Author Send To A Friend Article Publisher Create Article PDF Cite Article Report This Article Print This Article Comments Liked the article? Consider buying me a beer! $ More On Advice How to Choose the Best Snowboarding Helmets By Shovon Joarder last 2 months ago Get Noticed With Bespoke Rhinestone T-Shirts By Mr Allen Donald last 2 months ago Indications of Melancholia in Karmic and Past Life Tarot Readings By James Munro last 3 monthsRead MoreNew York City : A New Place For Couples1596 Words   |  7 Pagesto New York City, you will be surprised at the amount of things that you can do. Broadway shows, historical attractions, beachside amusement parks and more all await you in New York C ity. When you are looking for getaway travel deals in New York City, make sure you check out travel sites like Travelocity and Orbitz. Sometimes you will find some great combination deals. Here are few couples packages available for visitors to the city that we found that we thought you would like. Bicycle Built For TwoRead MoreThe On The New York Times983 Words   |  4 PagesContinue reading the main storyShare This Page Share Tweet Email More Save A 19-year-old Ohio man serving life in prison for killing three students in a high school cafeteria in 2012 briefly escaped from prison on Thursday, the authorities said. The man, T. J. Lane, who was serving three life sentences for the murders, escaped with two other inmates from the Allen Oakwood Correctional Institution in Lima, Ohio, said Sgt. Andy Green of the Lima Police Department. Early Friday morning, the Ohio State HighwayRead MoreVoices Of American Muslims By Linda Brandi Cateura2210 Words   |  9 Pagesnot only stereotyping cab drivers being Muslims but also assuming that they all have ties to radical Islamic groups such as Al-Qaeda. In the book, Voices of American Muslims, the author Linda Brandi Cateura discusses how the attacks on September 11th casts its dark and terrible shadow over Muslims who had nothing to do with the tragedy (11). The book also shares the voices of Muslim Americans who talk about their personal lives, and challenges they ve had to face since 9/11. The rise in religiousRead MoreHow Cellphones Have Become An Important Part Of Our Daily Lives1067 Words   |  5 Pagesbeen possible without mastering the art of the global supply chain. The path to the creation of the iPhone is not as simple as the phone itself. It requires many pieces which all do not easily come from the same place. Professor Rivoli’s book Travels of a T-Shirt in the Global Economy spoke of the line between passion and reason. Through passion an iPhone was created but at what cost or for what reason? This is about the path taken to create a product that over 700 million people marvel about. ForRead MoreThe Value Of Challenged Literature1389 Words   |  6 PagesChains). Banning books that teach important values and educate children on real world situations is only hurting them in the long run. For Huck Finn in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain and Scout in To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee, growing up in times of racial injustice allows readers to see the value of not ignoring history’s real world problems and how they are portrayed in controversial American literature. â€Å"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn†, one of most commonly banned books, is aboutRead MoreThe Legend of The Chupacabra867 Words   |  3 Pagesus, it does date back to the 1970’s. In the 1970’s legend says in the city of Moca, Puerto Rico there was a so called vampire (Sheppard Software). They were also referred to as â€Å"livestock- Predators†. Whether you believe it or not the Chupacabra reports of clean bloodless attacks remain. How? Where? There was no evidence with the chupacabra being caught but can you explain blood drained livestock? The lists of questions goes on and on. The lives of farmers at this point in time were punishing. NotRead MoreThe Importance Of A Qualitative Analysis Of Comparative Market Data For Your Business Essay2393 Words   |  10 Pagesrange of external sources of information (such as relevant books and articles, information on the internet, benchmarking studies) in order to conduct a qualitative analysis of comparative ma rket data for your business. Write up the results of your qualitative analysis. External sources of information Results of reviewing these sources Book name: Guide to the Fashion industry Written by Holly Han Published in 2003, by Vault Inc. The book provides information about fashion, especially a basic guideRead MoreReport on Feasibility Study on Made to Measure Garments4093 Words   |  17 PagesMADE TO MEASURE GARMENTS- Project Report MARKETING MANAGEMENT Submitted By: Prachi Garg (12) Shinu Nair (48) PGDM-IB 2010-12 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 2. OBJECTIVE OF STUDY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 6 3. REVIEW OF LITERATURE †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 4. METHODOLOGY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.12 5. DATA ANALYSIS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.14 6. MARKETING PLAN†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦17 INTRODUCTION Technological advances during the pastRead MoreThe President Of The United States Essay1565 Words   |  7 Pagesin Jerusalem at the time. â€Å"Hi Susan, This trip has been a whirlwind of experiences and emotions! Our first day we visited Philadelphia, after exploring the sights and food there, it was time for what became a horrific ride on the Chinese bus to travel to DC. The bus ride was a means to an end so endure, we did, so we could also enjoy the festivities surrounding the Inauguration in conjunction with the millions of others who also made similar treks across the country to celebrate this historic event

Aztecs, Incas, and Toltecs Free Essays

The Americas on the Eve of Invasion I. Introduction A. By 1500, Americas densely populated by Indians – misnomer – Columbus/Indies 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Aztecs, Incas, and Toltecs or any similar topic only for you Order Now Term has meaning only when used to apply to non-Indians B. Mesoamerica and Andean heartland 1. Imperial states in place when Europe arrives 2. Few areas influenced by two main centers 3. Areas that developed independently II. Postclassic Mesoamerica A. Introduction 1. Toltecs/Aztecs replace Mayas of 8th century CE a. By 15th century Aztecs created extensive empire – war, religion, agrarian 2. Downfall of Mayans – Teotihuacan a. Nomads from North come down . Toltec Culture – 968 established capital Tula 1. Sedentary/agrarian peoples with militaristic ethic 2. Cult of sacrifice/war 3. Aztecs saw Toltecs as givers of civilization B. The Toltec Heritage 1. Leader Topilitzin followed Quetzalcoatl – feathered serpent 2. Empire spread over much of central Mexico 3. 1000 Conquered Chichen Itza – Mayans under control of Toltecs 4. Toltec influence northward a. Trade turquoise with American Southwest b. How far – to Mississippi/Ohio – debatable evidence 1. Stepped temples – Monk’s Mound 2. Ritual sacrifice 3. pottery 4. Social stratification . Large city – Cahokia could handle 30,000 people C. The Aztec Rise to Power – eagle with serpent on cactus 1. Geography – aquatic environment – chinampas a. Aztecs/Mexicas won control of lake b. Nomadic tribes or agricultural culture 2. Political structure – centralized city with tributary city-states 3. Military – tough warriors/fanatic followers of religion 4. 1428 emerged as independent power D. The Aztec Social Contract 1. Subject peoples a. Pay tribute, surrender lands, military service b. King civil power/god on earth 2. Stratified society a. Histories rewritten 3. Human sacrifice – cult of military class supplying war captives as sacrifices E. Religion and the Ideology of Conquest 1. Incorporated features from past Mesoamerican religions a. Little distinction between world of gods and natural world b. Deities – fire, rain, water, corn, sky, sun – pantheon 1. Gods of fertility/agriculture 2. Creator deities 3. Warfare and sacrifice c. Female form for all gods 2. Yearly festivals/ceremonies a. Expansive calendar 3. Sacrifice – to energize the sun god – needed nourishment of human blood a. Types and frequency/degree changed with Aztecs – borrowed from Toltec . religious conviction vs. political control 4. Religious questions – afterlife, good life, do gods exist 5. Art has flowers/birds/song and blood F. Tenochtitlan: The Foundation of Heaven 1. Metropois – central zone of palaces/whitewashed temples 2. Adobe brick residential districts 3. Larger houses for nobility 4. Zoos, gardens for king 5. Geographically connected to island by four causeways 6. Calpulli ruled neighborhoods G. Feeding the People: The Economy of the Empire 1. Mass population needed to be fed a. Tribute b. Irrigated agriculture – chinampas – floating islands 1. 20,000 acres 2. High crop yields – 4 times a year – corn/maize 2. Trade a. Regular intervals to market b. Barter or cacao beans/gold for currency c. Pochteca – long distance trade 3. State controlled distribution of tribute a. Primarily redistributed to nobility III. Aztec Society in Transition A. Widening Social Gulf 1. Life based on calpulli (neighborhood) groups a. Governed by council of family heads 2. Nobility came from heads of calpullis 3. Military leaders based on success in taking captives a. Ritual warfare – uniforms 4. As society grew, widening social disparity – no longer egalitarian (hmmm†¦where have I seen this pattern before? a. Scribes, artisans, healers between peasants and nobility 5. But†¦competition not between social classes, but between corporate groups B. Overcoming Technological Constraints 1. Role of women – relatively equal, but subordinate to men a. Peasant women – fields, child-rearing b. Revered as weavers c. Pol ygamy among nobility, monogamy among poor d. Could inherit property 2. Limits of technology a. Women – six hours a day grinding corn/maize 1. Couldn’t be freed from 30-40 hours of preparing food 3. Controlled vast number of people amazingly – 1. 5 million to 25 million C. A Tribute Empire 1. Most power in hands of Aztec ruler and chief advisor a. â€Å"elected† from best siblings of royal family 2. As time passed, ritual sacrifice/military dominated all elements of life 3. City-states – as long as they made tribute – they could have autonomy 4. Weaknesses a. Rise of nobles altered dynamics b. Society based on system of terror 5. By 1500, Aztec society was in the down, military period – height far earlier IV. Twantinsuyu: World of the Incas A. Inca Empire – Twantinsuyu – highly centralized 1. Integrated various ethnic groups 2. Irrigated agriculture 3. Incorporated elements of previous civilizations – agriculture/religion/metallurgy 4. Introduction a. Genius for state organization/bureaucratic control b. When central authority broke down, regional leaders took over i. war between rival chiefdoms B. The Inca Rise to Power 1. Inca â€Å"ruler† – military alliances and campaigns to take over 2. Subsequent rulers with names you’ll never remember expanded and consolidated land a. Between 9 and 13 million people under rule C. Conquest and Religion 1. Reason for conquest a. economic gain b. political power 2. religion – cult of ancestors a. deceased rulers mummified . split inheritance a. leader’s power goes to successor b. leader’s property goes to male family 4. political and social life related to religion a. holy shrines – stones, mountains, rivers, caves, tombs – huacas 1. Prayers/human sacrifices b. Temple of the Sun – center of state religion D. The Techniques of Inca Imperial Rule 1. Leader/inca considered a god 2. Court also temple 3. Four provinces ruled by governor, power then divided further a. Local rulers could remain autonomous if they were loyal 4. All nobles played role in state bureaucracy a. Nobles gained privileges, had a lot to lose b. Could wear large ear spools – orejones – gee thanks 5. Spread language – unified 6. System of roads with way stations – tambos – one day apart 7. For labor, people benefited from large, expensive work projects – only central gov’t can provide a. State-sponsored irrigation made cultivation possible 8. Instead of tribute, they wanted labor 9. Relation between men and wome a. Needed to stay close b. Women link to the moon 10. Downfall a. Marriage alliances created rivals for the throne – ahhh†¦that whole succession problem rears its ugly head E. Inca Cultural Achievements 1. Art – built on styles of predecessor peoples . Metallurgy – gold/silver/bronze, copper b. Pottery/cloth 2. But†¦No system of writing†¦No wheel 2. Math a. Knotted strings quipo to count 3. Infrastructure – greatest achievement a. land/water management b. extensive road systems c. Architecture and public buildings d. Terraced f arming on steep slopes F. Comparing Incas and Aztecs aka â€Å"if you forget everything else, remember this† 1. But first, before we get started†¦look at the words used in this section a. No really†¦look at the words used b. They start with words like â€Å"although†, or â€Å"both† c. It’s just beautiful how the reader can make connections . In fact, my eyes are filling a little misty a. This is one of the best Comparative Analysis Essays I’ve ever seen in your Stearns book, and after 14 chapters of taking notes, I’m starting to i. feel like Stearns is like a brother, an older brother, but a brother ii. but†¦I digress†¦let’s get back to it 3. Similarities a. Represented military and imperial organization success b. Controlled circulation of goods c. Agricultural based with a food surplus d. Nobles became more important than local leaders e. Allowed for diversity as long as authority f. Empires acquired by conquest of sedentary peoples . Belief systems, cosmology similar roots h. Both couldn’t survive shock of conquest i. Your book says they do survive the conquest, but I beg to differ, they were split up into small little regions ii. But, I will accept that they carried on the culture 4. However â€Å"We cannot overlook the great DIFFERENCES† a. Aztecs have better trade and markets b. First, there quite similar, variations of same system c. Metallurgy, writing systems, hierarchy i. Ummm†¦book†¦could you give us some specifics d. Overall†¦this section does a horrible job discussing differences V. Other Indians A. How to differentiate – based on degree of social order/material culture/political structure 1. Diversity based on geographical factors 2. Not all agriculture based B. How many Indians? 1. If you guessed 14,375,421, you were wrong 2. Between 8. 4 million and 112 million – Gee thanks†¦that’s real close i. Numbers changed due to a. Understanding of impact of disease b. archaeological studies c. improved estimates of agricultural techniques 3. Europe about the same size as the Americas – population wise C. Differing Cultural Patterns 1. Basically†¦it’s hard to say there is just one type of â€Å"Indian† . Some hunted, some gathered, some farmed, some did a mixture ii. Some had huge class divisions, some were more egalitarian iii. Most lived in small kin-ship based groups 2. North America extremely diverse i. Some lived in cliffs, towns or teepees ii. Agricultural unless farming too tough, then hunter gatherers 3. Similar to Europe/Asia i. Kin based societies ii. Communal owning of property iii. Women subordinate, but some had high positions 4. Part of ecological system, not controlling it â€Å"You think you own whatever land you land on†¦earth is just a dead thing you can claim, but I know†¦Ã¢â‚¬  D. American Indian Diversity in World Context 1. Paradox – wealthy/accomplished civilizations, but â€Å"primitive† to Europe 2. But†¦how much is the difference based on lack of†¦ i. wheel ii. large pack animals iii. metal tools iv. written language 3. They developed, just differently E. Global Connections 1. Isolation prevented diffusion of ideas – it’s not bad, just the reality 2. Lacks world religions, large domesticated animals (yes†¦they had guinea pigs) 3. Not immune to diseases 4. Lacked ironworking F. I’m tired, and I’m going to bed How to cite Aztecs, Incas, and Toltecs, Papers

Gun crimes free essay sample

There is a great deal of media stereotyping related to rap music, hip-hop culture and the economically deprived areas In which these art forms were born. Campbell explain, The common sense selection process of news organizations often dictates coverage of negative minority news, whiles positive stories about progress and success in minority communities tend to be shelved due to what Journalists consider a lack of newsworthiness (C Campbell, 1995, p. 0) Recent growth in gun crime, and gun culture has turned attention to reasons behind this trend. Hip- hop has been an ass target for groups who associate this music scene as a negative Influence over those who listen to It. In 2003 nearly 350,000 people In the USA where victims of murders, robberies or aggravated assaults where the perpetrator carried a firearm (Brady et al. 2004). It was in this year that rapper 50 cent released his first studio and breakthrough album, Get rich or die trying. The record went to number one in the US and number 2 in the I-J. The record sold 11 million copies worldwide. Many critics linked his lyrics with the glorification of gun violence, but as Jay Enrolled of the sectional review highlighted accent was certainly not the first to rap about such matters, however he does think there Is a correlation between rap and guns, stating, many rappers sing of guns with almost lascivious glee Serious explorations of the link between gun violence and rap music are not as common.While the subject is good for alarmist news reports, a serious exploration of the subject would require some understanding of hip-hop culture and the capability to analyze both the statistics and the human elements of the situation. What Roding Abacuses and Christian Parses deliver In the book Enter the Babylon System, Is a book-length exploration of the link between urban culture and firearms. Unpacking gun culture from Samuel Colt to 50 Cents is written in a documentary style with insight into the hip-hop music industry, as both authors are co-owners of Pound Magazine Canadas largest hip-hop and urban culture magazine (R. Abacuses and C. Pearce 2007). Their purpose in the book was to challenge the prevailing view that hip-hop music causes crime and to deepen their readers appreciation of a larger crisis with respect o guns. The mall purpose of this work was to focus attention on the gun Industry and to mount an argument that powerful Individuals and corporations are more responsible for the explosion of guns in our society than the hip-hop culture.This book reminds its readers that gangs has been around for centuries, as Jonathan Swift reveals in his diaries for 1711 that gangs of young men known as Mocks were terrorizing the streets of London. Enter the Babylon system refers to oppressive and a sense of Injustice within the current system and carry a message that guns and angst have not been dealt with In a comprehensive manner by police, politicians or the public.The authors suggest that rap and the gangs-rap lifestyle have become a scapegoat for the gun violence young black men are waging against t hemselves, but should not be used as defense for the growing prominence guns have in what the authors call trigger-happy gangs rap music (R. Abacuses and C. Pearce 2007). A portion of their book explore the Canadian gun Industry and highlight how much money Is being made through the production and sale of weapons, Rappers might ND C. Pearce 2007).The authors address the growing worldwide influence wielded by weapons manufacturers. A particular interest is their interaction with Canadas only maker of handguns, Torsos Para-ordnance, under the heading Para-nod. According to Enter The Babylon System, the authors requests for an interview and tour of the factory prompted a letter from Para-ordnance stating it would be handing this matter over to legal counsel for any civil action that we may be advised to pursue against you and your employers. (R. Abacuses and C.Pearce 2007) It is stubbing to learn that the Provincial Weapons Enforcement Unit of the Ontario Provincial Police has found 224 Para-ordnance handguns at crime scenes since 1992. When gun manufacturers are unable to protect the sanctity of their stock from diversion by company employees, society has a problem. When these guns meander into the hands of young street gang members Anyone that sincerely believes that hip-hop is the reason for gun violence needs to go to Oakland, Baltimore, New Orleans and stay a week there and then come back and tell me that hip-hop is the problem Res no way they could because youd realize what the conditions are in some of these communities. (R. Abacuses and C. Pearce 2007). Whiles gun manufacturers may protest the fact that some rappers cite their products, and that attention from rappers is inevitable. The authors quote Tom Ditz, Making a Killing: The Business of Guns in America, When you have an industry that just pours this pollution into our culture, its going to start showing up in lots of different ways.. . Abacuses and Pearce offered a refreshing openness when outlining the magnitude of the gun crisis. Although relevant statistics and data are worthwhile in helping us understand the immeasurable greed that fuels the weapons industry they deliver it in an entertaining style mixing statistics, news reports, hip-hop lyrics, artist interviews and well-penned tatterdemalion to capture the reader attention Conclusion Enter the Babylon System succeed in raising some of the serious issues that orbit when it comes to finding ways to create wealth.Enter the Babylon System is a lively, entertaining, enraging book written from a Canadian perspective, the authors did not attempt to excuse facilitators of gun violence, but instead turn our gaze away from the provocative lyrics of hip hop artists to the system of weapons production that has become a multi-billion dollar industry. They raised a flag of warning that U. S. A represent a dynamo in the manufacture of weapons and has become a Mecca for g un ownership. The fact that ordinary citizens can acquire an AK-47 rifle or a semi- automatic pistol has become a fundamental issue. Its difficult to come away from the book, for instance, without feeling that the NEAR is a borderline psychotic association hat has taken a pro-violence mandate that goes far beyond protecting gun owners rights. The United States is quite naturally blamed for the influx of illegal gun in Canada, but one of the books surprises is an exploration of Canadas homegrown gun makers.Utterly knowledgeable about hip-hop culture, the authors often assume the same understanding from their readers. And, as entertaining as the authors style can be to read, some transitions feels forced and deliberate dampening the reading experience. Even with those minor issues, Enter the Babylon System is a brilliant ice of investigative Journalism. Its a truly compelling read about a distasteful subject.