Heart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad - 964 Words

Joseph Conrad’s treatment of race in â€Å"Heart of Darkness† differs significantly from Neil Bissoondath’s â€Å"I’m Not Racist But†¦Ã¢â‚¬  From Neil Bissoondath’s perspective, racial discrimination occurs everywhere and is conducted by everyone, either willfully or ignorantly. Bissoondath’s attempt is to inform the reader of the connection between stereotyping and racism and in turn condemns such acts. Joseph Conrad’s â€Å"Heart of Darkness,† however, exposes the brutality of the Europeans on Africans. While Bissoondath’s work addresses the sensitivity of racial judgement and racial superiority intended to bring hatred or abuse used against any given group of individuals, Conrad’s work describes how the Africans are racially judged and brutally treated by the European settlers. According to Conrad, the European settlers suppressed Africans from their freedom and supplied no medical care nor food. By domin ating over the Africans, the European settlers in Africa are not only able to use the Africans as cheap labours but are also able to exploit the African’s raw materials with less restriction. Nevertheless, both Bissoondath and Conrad condemn the community on their approach to racial treatment. According to Bissoondath, racial hatred is widely used either innocently or deliberately and â€Å"comes from lack of experience,† or â€Å"willful ignorance† (Bissoondath, 84) against those with different cultural taste, different skin colour or of a different gender. Bissoondath warns against the use of anyShow MoreRelatedHeart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad1471 Words   |  6 PagesIn the story Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad a sailor decides to travel to Africa on a whim, using family connections he enlists as the captain of a ship travelling up the Congo River. The novella provides many themes, however is the text in itself racist? One of the main concepts portrayed in Heart of Darkness is the treatment of the natives of Africa and their image. This is most commonly shown through the disparity of the image between what is said in the novel and what can be read throughRead MoreHeart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad Essay1371 Words   |  6 Pagesevery human and eve rything created by humans has two sides to it: the form and the substance. Joseph Conrad’s novella â€Å"Heart of Darkness† shows precisely how dangerous it is to put our trust in a concept, for example: colonization, without realizing that most of the time one only gets to see the form and not the substance. In this essay, my purpose is to demonstrate that â€Å"Heart of Darkness† by Joseph Conrad is mainly a novella about the discrepancy between substance and form. In order to prove my pointRead MoreHeart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad1378 Words   |  6 PagesWoytassek AP English 12 Heart of Darkness Reading Log Author: Joseph Conrad Title: Heart of Darkness Original Publication Date: 1899 Kind of Writing: Heart of Darkness is a colonial novella of an expository narrative. Writer’s Purpose and Intended Audience Joseph Conrad wrote Heart of Darkness because he wanted to expose human temptation to experiment with darkness when one’s own desires overcome one’s morals. By writing from his own experience of exploring the Congo, Conrad draws conclusions thatRead MoreThe Heart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad983 Words   |  4 PagesThe Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad is a story that takes place in the early 1890s and presents us with an odyssey of a traveler known as Marlow who confronts the dangers of the Congo jungle while also witnessing the wicked, inhumane treatment of the African natives. In the story, Marlow represents Joseph Conrad who had actually traveled up the Congo in 1890 and witnessed the European exploitation of the African natives firsthand. In the Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad exposes the inhumanityRead MoreHeart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad1350 Words   |  6 Pagesyears, Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad was a treasured classic, with many honourable themes and messages, as the author reveals the true nature of humanity by following an European sailor’s journey through the dark jungles of Africa and down the river Congo, all while watching as his own humanity changes. As society has evolved, however, Heart of Darkness has come under scrutiny, as the language is quite racist. Chinua Achebe, writer of An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad’s Heart of DarknessRead MoreHeart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad1329 Words   |  5 Pages Heart of Darkness is a novel written by Joseph Conrad. The setting of the book is in Belgian Congo, which was the most infamous European colony in Africa. This is a story about the protagonist Marlow’s journey to self discovery, and his experiences in Congo. Conrad’s story explores the colonialism period in Africa to demonstrate Marlow’s struggles. Along the way, he faces insanity, death, his fear of failure, and cultural contamination as he makes his was to the inner station. Conrad through theRead MoreThe Heart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad968 Words   |  4 PagesJoseph Conrad’s novella The Heart of Darkness has been under controversy because of racial interpretations. The race factor in this novel has made some scholars and professors question the function the novella has in the classroom. However, Joseph Conrad had another view when writing the novel; to demonstrate how prejudice and dehumanizing the European culture is towards African Americans and their culture during this time period. European’s superior authority over African Americans is portrayedRead MoreHeart Of Darkness, By Joseph Conrad1306 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is the â€Å"horror† in Heart of Darkness, and what particular literary images develop that idea of horror in the novel? In Joseph Conrad’s, Heart of Darkness, there can be many literary images found within that develop the idea of horror. Heart of Darkness is noted for its horror within the Congo between the Africans and the Europeans. The horror in Heart of Darkness is a contribution of many ideas that are formed and contributed from the European colonists. The purpose of this essay aims to argueRead MoreHeart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad1076 Words   |  5 PagesWritten in the late 1800’s, Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness is a novella about one man’s travel into the Congo Free State by way of the Congo River. The title â€Å"Heart of Darkness† actually holds two different meanings. Heart of Darkness is both a metaphor for a psychological â€Å"dark side† of man, and an allusion to Africa. The title suggests both a physical and mental reference. During the time the novel takes place, Africa was nick-named the dark continent because of how little the Europeans knewRead MoreHeart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad Essay1483 Words   |  6 PagesJoseph Conrad, author of Heart of Darkness, intriguingly uses an unnamed narrator in his novel that clearly becomes of importance right away in the introduction. Conrad’s narrator chooses to speak of the historical period in which Roman colonization took over what we now know as Great Britain. By connecting a Roman colonization story to one almost 2000 years later talking about the Belgians in Africa, Conrad reveals one of his own themes in the novel. He proposes that the Romans and Belgians

Travels of a T-Shirt Book Report Essay - 1335 Words

Question 1: Write a summary of this book Often, when we think of a t-shirt, not much consideration goes past throwing it on and walking out the door. We discover in The Travels of a T-Shirt in the Global Economy, author Pietra Rivoli conveys the story of a t-shirt she purchased in Florida for just $5.99. Beginning with core element of the t-shirt, she describes the cotton boom in the United States and why we have reigned supreme as the leading cotton producer. She even meets with a Texan farmer who warms your heart from the very beginning of the chapter. Next, the cotton goes on to textile mills and factories, and Rivoli explains the history of the textile industry. With this lesson, she demonstrates how the textile industry boom was a†¦show more content†¦Her writing style takes into consideration those with very little economic awareness and fluidly phrases things into laymans terms. She is able to expand on the most complex ideas, such as quotas and tariffs in the textile industry, and still paint a complete pic ture in the mind of the reader. The relevance of this book can be measured by its ability to speak to the everyday individual, who may or may not know anything about economics, and plant the seed toward global economic education. It provides a keen social awareness to people who may or may not ordinarily care about international economics and can have an eye-opening effect toward what really happens in the textile industry. Rivoli also raises some substantial points about free trade and protectionism. After the facts are presented, she identifies that most of these alleged free markets aren’t actually free at all. She explains that quotas, political relationships, and labor issues make these markets restricted from being completely free. She writes a story of the wealth enhancing possibilities of globalization in some settings but a ‘cant win trap in others, a trap where power imbalances and poorly functioning politics and markets seem to doom the economic future. Question 3: Is the author arguing for free trade or protectionism? Explain. Rivoli is not making an argument for either side of protectionism or free trade. Of course, as an avid economist, Rivoli advocates free trade, asShow MoreRelatedArticle Report On The Best Snowboarding Helmets1194 Words   |  5 PagesJoined: 11 years ago Country: United States Contact The Author Send To A Friend Article Publisher Create Article PDF Cite Article Report This Article Print This Article Comments Liked the article? Consider buying me a beer! $ More On Advice How to Choose the Best Snowboarding Helmets By Shovon Joarder last 2 months ago Get Noticed With Bespoke Rhinestone T-Shirts By Mr Allen Donald last 2 months ago Indications of Melancholia in Karmic and Past Life Tarot Readings By James Munro last 3 monthsRead MoreNew York City : A New Place For Couples1596 Words   |  7 Pagesto New York City, you will be surprised at the amount of things that you can do. Broadway shows, historical attractions, beachside amusement parks and more all await you in New York C ity. When you are looking for getaway travel deals in New York City, make sure you check out travel sites like Travelocity and Orbitz. Sometimes you will find some great combination deals. Here are few couples packages available for visitors to the city that we found that we thought you would like. Bicycle Built For TwoRead MoreThe On The New York Times983 Words   |  4 PagesContinue reading the main storyShare This Page Share Tweet Email More Save A 19-year-old Ohio man serving life in prison for killing three students in a high school cafeteria in 2012 briefly escaped from prison on Thursday, the authorities said. The man, T. J. Lane, who was serving three life sentences for the murders, escaped with two other inmates from the Allen Oakwood Correctional Institution in Lima, Ohio, said Sgt. Andy Green of the Lima Police Department. Early Friday morning, the Ohio State HighwayRead MoreVoices Of American Muslims By Linda Brandi Cateura2210 Words   |  9 Pagesnot only stereotyping cab drivers being Muslims but also assuming that they all have ties to radical Islamic groups such as Al-Qaeda. In the book, Voices of American Muslims, the author Linda Brandi Cateura discusses how the attacks on September 11th casts its dark and terrible shadow over Muslims who had nothing to do with the tragedy (11). The book also shares the voices of Muslim Americans who talk about their personal lives, and challenges they ve had to face since 9/11. The rise in religiousRead MoreHow Cellphones Have Become An Important Part Of Our Daily Lives1067 Words   |  5 Pagesbeen possible without mastering the art of the global supply chain. The path to the creation of the iPhone is not as simple as the phone itself. It requires many pieces which all do not easily come from the same place. Professor Rivoli’s book Travels of a T-Shirt in the Global Economy spoke of the line between passion and reason. Through passion an iPhone was created but at what cost or for what reason? This is about the path taken to create a product that over 700 million people marvel about. ForRead MoreThe Value Of Challenged Literature1389 Words   |  6 PagesChains). Banning books that teach important values and educate children on real world situations is only hurting them in the long run. For Huck Finn in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain and Scout in To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee, growing up in times of racial injustice allows readers to see the value of not ignoring history’s real world problems and how they are portrayed in controversial American literature. â€Å"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn†, one of most commonly banned books, is aboutRead MoreThe Legend of The Chupacabra867 Words   |  3 Pagesus, it does date back to the 1970’s. In the 1970’s legend says in the city of Moca, Puerto Rico there was a so called vampire (Sheppard Software). They were also referred to as â€Å"livestock- Predators†. Whether you believe it or not the Chupacabra reports of clean bloodless attacks remain. How? Where? There was no evidence with the chupacabra being caught but can you explain blood drained livestock? The lists of questions goes on and on. The lives of farmers at this point in time were punishing. NotRead MoreThe Importance Of A Qualitative Analysis Of Comparative Market Data For Your Business Essay2393 Words   |  10 Pagesrange of external sources of information (such as relevant books and articles, information on the internet, benchmarking studies) in order to conduct a qualitative analysis of comparative ma rket data for your business. Write up the results of your qualitative analysis. External sources of information Results of reviewing these sources Book name: Guide to the Fashion industry Written by Holly Han Published in 2003, by Vault Inc. The book provides information about fashion, especially a basic guideRead MoreReport on Feasibility Study on Made to Measure Garments4093 Words   |  17 PagesMADE TO MEASURE GARMENTS- Project Report MARKETING MANAGEMENT Submitted By: Prachi Garg (12) Shinu Nair (48) PGDM-IB 2010-12 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 2. OBJECTIVE OF STUDY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 6 3. REVIEW OF LITERATURE †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 4. METHODOLOGY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.12 5. DATA ANALYSIS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.14 6. MARKETING PLAN†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦17 INTRODUCTION Technological advances during the pastRead MoreThe President Of The United States Essay1565 Words   |  7 Pagesin Jerusalem at the time. â€Å"Hi Susan, This trip has been a whirlwind of experiences and emotions! Our first day we visited Philadelphia, after exploring the sights and food there, it was time for what became a horrific ride on the Chinese bus to travel to DC. The bus ride was a means to an end so endure, we did, so we could also enjoy the festivities surrounding the Inauguration in conjunction with the millions of others who also made similar treks across the country to celebrate this historic event

Aztecs, Incas, and Toltecs Free Essays

The Americas on the Eve of Invasion I. Introduction A. By 1500, Americas densely populated by Indians – misnomer – Columbus/Indies 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Aztecs, Incas, and Toltecs or any similar topic only for you Order Now Term has meaning only when used to apply to non-Indians B. Mesoamerica and Andean heartland 1. Imperial states in place when Europe arrives 2. Few areas influenced by two main centers 3. Areas that developed independently II. Postclassic Mesoamerica A. Introduction 1. Toltecs/Aztecs replace Mayas of 8th century CE a. By 15th century Aztecs created extensive empire – war, religion, agrarian 2. Downfall of Mayans – Teotihuacan a. Nomads from North come down . Toltec Culture – 968 established capital Tula 1. Sedentary/agrarian peoples with militaristic ethic 2. Cult of sacrifice/war 3. Aztecs saw Toltecs as givers of civilization B. The Toltec Heritage 1. Leader Topilitzin followed Quetzalcoatl – feathered serpent 2. Empire spread over much of central Mexico 3. 1000 Conquered Chichen Itza – Mayans under control of Toltecs 4. Toltec influence northward a. Trade turquoise with American Southwest b. How far – to Mississippi/Ohio – debatable evidence 1. Stepped temples – Monk’s Mound 2. Ritual sacrifice 3. pottery 4. Social stratification . Large city – Cahokia could handle 30,000 people C. The Aztec Rise to Power – eagle with serpent on cactus 1. Geography – aquatic environment – chinampas a. Aztecs/Mexicas won control of lake b. Nomadic tribes or agricultural culture 2. Political structure – centralized city with tributary city-states 3. Military – tough warriors/fanatic followers of religion 4. 1428 emerged as independent power D. The Aztec Social Contract 1. Subject peoples a. Pay tribute, surrender lands, military service b. King civil power/god on earth 2. Stratified society a. Histories rewritten 3. Human sacrifice – cult of military class supplying war captives as sacrifices E. Religion and the Ideology of Conquest 1. Incorporated features from past Mesoamerican religions a. Little distinction between world of gods and natural world b. Deities – fire, rain, water, corn, sky, sun – pantheon 1. Gods of fertility/agriculture 2. Creator deities 3. Warfare and sacrifice c. Female form for all gods 2. Yearly festivals/ceremonies a. Expansive calendar 3. Sacrifice – to energize the sun god – needed nourishment of human blood a. Types and frequency/degree changed with Aztecs – borrowed from Toltec . religious conviction vs. political control 4. Religious questions – afterlife, good life, do gods exist 5. Art has flowers/birds/song and blood F. Tenochtitlan: The Foundation of Heaven 1. Metropois – central zone of palaces/whitewashed temples 2. Adobe brick residential districts 3. Larger houses for nobility 4. Zoos, gardens for king 5. Geographically connected to island by four causeways 6. Calpulli ruled neighborhoods G. Feeding the People: The Economy of the Empire 1. Mass population needed to be fed a. Tribute b. Irrigated agriculture – chinampas – floating islands 1. 20,000 acres 2. High crop yields – 4 times a year – corn/maize 2. Trade a. Regular intervals to market b. Barter or cacao beans/gold for currency c. Pochteca – long distance trade 3. State controlled distribution of tribute a. Primarily redistributed to nobility III. Aztec Society in Transition A. Widening Social Gulf 1. Life based on calpulli (neighborhood) groups a. Governed by council of family heads 2. Nobility came from heads of calpullis 3. Military leaders based on success in taking captives a. Ritual warfare – uniforms 4. As society grew, widening social disparity – no longer egalitarian (hmmm†¦where have I seen this pattern before? a. Scribes, artisans, healers between peasants and nobility 5. But†¦competition not between social classes, but between corporate groups B. Overcoming Technological Constraints 1. Role of women – relatively equal, but subordinate to men a. Peasant women – fields, child-rearing b. Revered as weavers c. Pol ygamy among nobility, monogamy among poor d. Could inherit property 2. Limits of technology a. Women – six hours a day grinding corn/maize 1. Couldn’t be freed from 30-40 hours of preparing food 3. Controlled vast number of people amazingly – 1. 5 million to 25 million C. A Tribute Empire 1. Most power in hands of Aztec ruler and chief advisor a. â€Å"elected† from best siblings of royal family 2. As time passed, ritual sacrifice/military dominated all elements of life 3. City-states – as long as they made tribute – they could have autonomy 4. Weaknesses a. Rise of nobles altered dynamics b. Society based on system of terror 5. By 1500, Aztec society was in the down, military period – height far earlier IV. Twantinsuyu: World of the Incas A. Inca Empire – Twantinsuyu – highly centralized 1. Integrated various ethnic groups 2. Irrigated agriculture 3. Incorporated elements of previous civilizations – agriculture/religion/metallurgy 4. Introduction a. Genius for state organization/bureaucratic control b. When central authority broke down, regional leaders took over i. war between rival chiefdoms B. The Inca Rise to Power 1. Inca â€Å"ruler† – military alliances and campaigns to take over 2. Subsequent rulers with names you’ll never remember expanded and consolidated land a. Between 9 and 13 million people under rule C. Conquest and Religion 1. Reason for conquest a. economic gain b. political power 2. religion – cult of ancestors a. deceased rulers mummified . split inheritance a. leader’s power goes to successor b. leader’s property goes to male family 4. political and social life related to religion a. holy shrines – stones, mountains, rivers, caves, tombs – huacas 1. Prayers/human sacrifices b. Temple of the Sun – center of state religion D. The Techniques of Inca Imperial Rule 1. Leader/inca considered a god 2. Court also temple 3. Four provinces ruled by governor, power then divided further a. Local rulers could remain autonomous if they were loyal 4. All nobles played role in state bureaucracy a. Nobles gained privileges, had a lot to lose b. Could wear large ear spools – orejones – gee thanks 5. Spread language – unified 6. System of roads with way stations – tambos – one day apart 7. For labor, people benefited from large, expensive work projects – only central gov’t can provide a. State-sponsored irrigation made cultivation possible 8. Instead of tribute, they wanted labor 9. Relation between men and wome a. Needed to stay close b. Women link to the moon 10. Downfall a. Marriage alliances created rivals for the throne – ahhh†¦that whole succession problem rears its ugly head E. Inca Cultural Achievements 1. Art – built on styles of predecessor peoples . Metallurgy – gold/silver/bronze, copper b. Pottery/cloth 2. But†¦No system of writing†¦No wheel 2. Math a. Knotted strings quipo to count 3. Infrastructure – greatest achievement a. land/water management b. extensive road systems c. Architecture and public buildings d. Terraced f arming on steep slopes F. Comparing Incas and Aztecs aka â€Å"if you forget everything else, remember this† 1. But first, before we get started†¦look at the words used in this section a. No really†¦look at the words used b. They start with words like â€Å"although†, or â€Å"both† c. It’s just beautiful how the reader can make connections . In fact, my eyes are filling a little misty a. This is one of the best Comparative Analysis Essays I’ve ever seen in your Stearns book, and after 14 chapters of taking notes, I’m starting to i. feel like Stearns is like a brother, an older brother, but a brother ii. but†¦I digress†¦let’s get back to it 3. Similarities a. Represented military and imperial organization success b. Controlled circulation of goods c. Agricultural based with a food surplus d. Nobles became more important than local leaders e. Allowed for diversity as long as authority f. Empires acquired by conquest of sedentary peoples . Belief systems, cosmology similar roots h. Both couldn’t survive shock of conquest i. Your book says they do survive the conquest, but I beg to differ, they were split up into small little regions ii. But, I will accept that they carried on the culture 4. However â€Å"We cannot overlook the great DIFFERENCES† a. Aztecs have better trade and markets b. First, there quite similar, variations of same system c. Metallurgy, writing systems, hierarchy i. Ummm†¦book†¦could you give us some specifics d. Overall†¦this section does a horrible job discussing differences V. Other Indians A. How to differentiate – based on degree of social order/material culture/political structure 1. Diversity based on geographical factors 2. Not all agriculture based B. How many Indians? 1. If you guessed 14,375,421, you were wrong 2. Between 8. 4 million and 112 million – Gee thanks†¦that’s real close i. Numbers changed due to a. Understanding of impact of disease b. archaeological studies c. improved estimates of agricultural techniques 3. Europe about the same size as the Americas – population wise C. Differing Cultural Patterns 1. Basically†¦it’s hard to say there is just one type of â€Å"Indian† . Some hunted, some gathered, some farmed, some did a mixture ii. Some had huge class divisions, some were more egalitarian iii. Most lived in small kin-ship based groups 2. North America extremely diverse i. Some lived in cliffs, towns or teepees ii. Agricultural unless farming too tough, then hunter gatherers 3. Similar to Europe/Asia i. Kin based societies ii. Communal owning of property iii. Women subordinate, but some had high positions 4. Part of ecological system, not controlling it â€Å"You think you own whatever land you land on†¦earth is just a dead thing you can claim, but I know†¦Ã¢â‚¬  D. American Indian Diversity in World Context 1. Paradox – wealthy/accomplished civilizations, but â€Å"primitive† to Europe 2. But†¦how much is the difference based on lack of†¦ i. wheel ii. large pack animals iii. metal tools iv. written language 3. They developed, just differently E. Global Connections 1. Isolation prevented diffusion of ideas – it’s not bad, just the reality 2. Lacks world religions, large domesticated animals (yes†¦they had guinea pigs) 3. Not immune to diseases 4. Lacked ironworking F. I’m tired, and I’m going to bed How to cite Aztecs, Incas, and Toltecs, Papers

Gun crimes free essay sample

There is a great deal of media stereotyping related to rap music, hip-hop culture and the economically deprived areas In which these art forms were born. Campbell explain, The common sense selection process of news organizations often dictates coverage of negative minority news, whiles positive stories about progress and success in minority communities tend to be shelved due to what Journalists consider a lack of newsworthiness (C Campbell, 1995, p. 0) Recent growth in gun crime, and gun culture has turned attention to reasons behind this trend. Hip- hop has been an ass target for groups who associate this music scene as a negative Influence over those who listen to It. In 2003 nearly 350,000 people In the USA where victims of murders, robberies or aggravated assaults where the perpetrator carried a firearm (Brady et al. 2004). It was in this year that rapper 50 cent released his first studio and breakthrough album, Get rich or die trying. The record went to number one in the US and number 2 in the I-J. The record sold 11 million copies worldwide. Many critics linked his lyrics with the glorification of gun violence, but as Jay Enrolled of the sectional review highlighted accent was certainly not the first to rap about such matters, however he does think there Is a correlation between rap and guns, stating, many rappers sing of guns with almost lascivious glee Serious explorations of the link between gun violence and rap music are not as common.While the subject is good for alarmist news reports, a serious exploration of the subject would require some understanding of hip-hop culture and the capability to analyze both the statistics and the human elements of the situation. What Roding Abacuses and Christian Parses deliver In the book Enter the Babylon System, Is a book-length exploration of the link between urban culture and firearms. Unpacking gun culture from Samuel Colt to 50 Cents is written in a documentary style with insight into the hip-hop music industry, as both authors are co-owners of Pound Magazine Canadas largest hip-hop and urban culture magazine (R. Abacuses and C. Pearce 2007). Their purpose in the book was to challenge the prevailing view that hip-hop music causes crime and to deepen their readers appreciation of a larger crisis with respect o guns. The mall purpose of this work was to focus attention on the gun Industry and to mount an argument that powerful Individuals and corporations are more responsible for the explosion of guns in our society than the hip-hop culture.This book reminds its readers that gangs has been around for centuries, as Jonathan Swift reveals in his diaries for 1711 that gangs of young men known as Mocks were terrorizing the streets of London. Enter the Babylon system refers to oppressive and a sense of Injustice within the current system and carry a message that guns and angst have not been dealt with In a comprehensive manner by police, politicians or the public.The authors suggest that rap and the gangs-rap lifestyle have become a scapegoat for the gun violence young black men are waging against t hemselves, but should not be used as defense for the growing prominence guns have in what the authors call trigger-happy gangs rap music (R. Abacuses and C. Pearce 2007). A portion of their book explore the Canadian gun Industry and highlight how much money Is being made through the production and sale of weapons, Rappers might ND C. Pearce 2007).The authors address the growing worldwide influence wielded by weapons manufacturers. A particular interest is their interaction with Canadas only maker of handguns, Torsos Para-ordnance, under the heading Para-nod. According to Enter The Babylon System, the authors requests for an interview and tour of the factory prompted a letter from Para-ordnance stating it would be handing this matter over to legal counsel for any civil action that we may be advised to pursue against you and your employers. (R. Abacuses and C.Pearce 2007) It is stubbing to learn that the Provincial Weapons Enforcement Unit of the Ontario Provincial Police has found 224 Para-ordnance handguns at crime scenes since 1992. When gun manufacturers are unable to protect the sanctity of their stock from diversion by company employees, society has a problem. When these guns meander into the hands of young street gang members Anyone that sincerely believes that hip-hop is the reason for gun violence needs to go to Oakland, Baltimore, New Orleans and stay a week there and then come back and tell me that hip-hop is the problem Res no way they could because youd realize what the conditions are in some of these communities. (R. Abacuses and C. Pearce 2007). Whiles gun manufacturers may protest the fact that some rappers cite their products, and that attention from rappers is inevitable. The authors quote Tom Ditz, Making a Killing: The Business of Guns in America, When you have an industry that just pours this pollution into our culture, its going to start showing up in lots of different ways.. . Abacuses and Pearce offered a refreshing openness when outlining the magnitude of the gun crisis. Although relevant statistics and data are worthwhile in helping us understand the immeasurable greed that fuels the weapons industry they deliver it in an entertaining style mixing statistics, news reports, hip-hop lyrics, artist interviews and well-penned tatterdemalion to capture the reader attention Conclusion Enter the Babylon System succeed in raising some of the serious issues that orbit when it comes to finding ways to create wealth.Enter the Babylon System is a lively, entertaining, enraging book written from a Canadian perspective, the authors did not attempt to excuse facilitators of gun violence, but instead turn our gaze away from the provocative lyrics of hip hop artists to the system of weapons production that has become a multi-billion dollar industry. They raised a flag of warning that U. S. A represent a dynamo in the manufacture of weapons and has become a Mecca for g un ownership. The fact that ordinary citizens can acquire an AK-47 rifle or a semi- automatic pistol has become a fundamental issue. Its difficult to come away from the book, for instance, without feeling that the NEAR is a borderline psychotic association hat has taken a pro-violence mandate that goes far beyond protecting gun owners rights. The United States is quite naturally blamed for the influx of illegal gun in Canada, but one of the books surprises is an exploration of Canadas homegrown gun makers.Utterly knowledgeable about hip-hop culture, the authors often assume the same understanding from their readers. And, as entertaining as the authors style can be to read, some transitions feels forced and deliberate dampening the reading experience. Even with those minor issues, Enter the Babylon System is a brilliant ice of investigative Journalism. Its a truly compelling read about a distasteful subject.

The Intentional Death Of Francis Macomber Essays (1781 words)

The Intentional Death of Francis Macomber The Intentional Death of Francis Macomber Ernest Hemingway has created a masterpiece of mystery in his story "The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber". The mystery does not reveal itself to the reader until the end of the story, yet it leaves a lot to the imagination. At the end of the story Margaret Macomber kills her husband by accident, in order to save him from being mauled by a large Buffalo while on a safari in Africa. The mystery is whether or not this killing was truly accidental, or intentional. If it was to be considered intentional, there would certainly have to be evidence in the story suggesting such, with a clear motive as well. What makes this mystery unique is that Hemingway gives the reader numerous instances that would lead the reader to devise an acceptable motive, yet human nature tells the reader that this killing could not have been intentional. From a purely objective analysis of the story, the reader would see far more evidence supporting the theory of an intentional killing rather than an accidental one. The clues supporting the idea that Margaret killed Francis intentionally can best be seen when observing and studying the background information on both Francis Macomber, and Margaret herself. (Hemingway 1402). What is also important is that Margot and Francis have very different personalities. This is clearly seen when the narrator states, (Hemingway 1402). With this small amount of background information, the true motive for an intentional killing can be found. This can clearly be seen in the conversation of Francis Macomber after killing the buffalo when he states, (Hemingway 1408. "(Hemingway 1409). Robert Wilson, the guide on the hunt, gives the reader an outside perspective into this complex and troubled relationship. In response to the quote above Hemingway 1409). Robert Wilson seems to be right in his descriptions of the couple, and their relationship throughout the story. If this is true, and none of his presumptions about the couple are false, then he gains more credibility towards the end of the story. It is at this point that he becomes the advocate of Margot actions, despite the fact that they were intentional. It is Wilson that gives the reader the best description of the relationship between Francis and his wife. It is his insight into Margot, however, that is the most detailed, and which seems to suggest that she might be capable of such an act. From this astute analysis of the two, Wilson shows the reader several very important things. One is the fact, although somewhat machiavellian, that over her husband. Another observation that I somewhat important is the This is the cruelty that Wilson observes in the passage above.This, as she would soon see, was not the case. One of the most important passages in the story occurs in the moments just before Francis and Robert Wilson go into the bush after the buffalo. After Margot fires the fatal shot, further evidence is given by Robert Wilson that supports the assertion that the killing was intentional Hemingway 1411). Wilson, who seems to be accurate in his assessment of the relationship, seems a credible witness to the killing and due to these facts, his opinion as to the motive of the killing is credible to the reader as well.. story. From all of the evidence given in the story, and from an objective analysis of the conversation and narration, it is safe to makethe assumption that the killings were indeed intentional. There is simply not enough tangible evidence given in the conversation or narration that would suggest otherwise assertion. A Character Analysis of Francis Macomber From Hemingway's "The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber" In Hemingway's The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber, the author demonstrates his undeniable ability to bring characters to life by introducing the reader in great detail to the main character, Francis Macomber, through varying literary mechanisms. The reader learns immense detail about Francis, as well as the other two primary characters, Margaret and Mr.Wilson, through creative description that includes each character's thoughts, their actions, and their reactions towards the events of the story. Francis Macomber's interior characteristics and impressions are revealed through such omniscient statements as: In addition, more details are revealed about the character of Francis through the other principal characters and even through the characters who play a very small role in the story (e.g., the gun-bearers). For example, (p 250). By means of a combination of this type of information, Francis Macomber's character is changed due to constant abuse from other characters, an inner struggle with fear and embarrassment, and, eventually,

Free Essays on Butterflies Or Hornets

Butterflies or Hornets? As I looked off of this 400 foot cliff, I pondered the idea of why was I here, was it really worth it, what kind of thoughts would drive me to this point? I moved taking sloth sized steps to the edge only to be greeted by a warm gentle breeze. The blue sky and this gentle breeze was a pleasant welcoming on this mountain of rocks. My instructor for the day was named Bill, he was a very muscular man about my height with wavy brown hair, â€Å"Bill,† I asked, â€Å"Is it safe to be repelling down this soul catcher? I mean it’s a long ways down!† He replied, â€Å"Of course! Would I be up here if it wasn’t?† I started by slipping into the leg hoops of the nylon harness, then attached the waist belt, and finally the shoulder hoops. Bill asked, â€Å"Are you scared yet?† â€Å"No, just anxious,† I replied grimly. He could see right through me; he knew that I was trembling inside. â€Å"You’ll be fine, just don’t look down!† This was all of the advice he wanted to give me. The butterflies in my stomach suddenly began to flutter compulsively and my heart began to rev as an Indy car would at the start of a race, an uncontrollable RPM. â€Å"Your face is pale as a ghost,† Bill smirked as he tied the ropes to the anchor tree. This tree was a monumental pine, about three and a half feet around at the bottom. I clipped my rope into the carabineer on my harness and began to have second thoughts. I felt as if the brief repelling lesson was definitely not enough. â€Å"Are you ready green horn?† Bill said laughing. â€Å"As ready as I’ll ever be.† I picked up the rope, put it between my legs, held the rope in front of me with my right hand and left hand underneath holding the rope firmly. I was starting to feel like something is wrong; did Bill prepare me for this descent? I leaned back on the rope, stretching it as it pulled tight on tension. My feet started to shake violently as I took... Free Essays on Butterflies Or Hornets Free Essays on Butterflies Or Hornets Butterflies or Hornets? As I looked off of this 400 foot cliff, I pondered the idea of why was I here, was it really worth it, what kind of thoughts would drive me to this point? I moved taking sloth sized steps to the edge only to be greeted by a warm gentle breeze. The blue sky and this gentle breeze was a pleasant welcoming on this mountain of rocks. My instructor for the day was named Bill, he was a very muscular man about my height with wavy brown hair, â€Å"Bill,† I asked, â€Å"Is it safe to be repelling down this soul catcher? I mean it’s a long ways down!† He replied, â€Å"Of course! Would I be up here if it wasn’t?† I started by slipping into the leg hoops of the nylon harness, then attached the waist belt, and finally the shoulder hoops. Bill asked, â€Å"Are you scared yet?† â€Å"No, just anxious,† I replied grimly. He could see right through me; he knew that I was trembling inside. â€Å"You’ll be fine, just don’t look down!† This was all of the advice he wanted to give me. The butterflies in my stomach suddenly began to flutter compulsively and my heart began to rev as an Indy car would at the start of a race, an uncontrollable RPM. â€Å"Your face is pale as a ghost,† Bill smirked as he tied the ropes to the anchor tree. This tree was a monumental pine, about three and a half feet around at the bottom. I clipped my rope into the carabineer on my harness and began to have second thoughts. I felt as if the brief repelling lesson was definitely not enough. â€Å"Are you ready green horn?† Bill said laughing. â€Å"As ready as I’ll ever be.† I picked up the rope, put it between my legs, held the rope in front of me with my right hand and left hand underneath holding the rope firmly. I was starting to feel like something is wrong; did Bill prepare me for this descent? I leaned back on the rope, stretching it as it pulled tight on tension. My feet started to shake violently as I took...

Corporate Management & Finance - Assignment 3 Essay

Corporate Management & Finance - Assignment 3 - Essay Example Carillion Company has also, in the past been involved in facility management, infrastructure and buildings management, and construction of major public infrastructures (Carillion, 2013). The objectives of the firms are qualitative and quantitative in nature due to the mission statements of the diverse firms. The current and future objectives of the three firms are relatively differentiated. The divergence of the firms current and future objectives are reflected by the measurement criteria employment by the firms. Even though the core objectives of the firms currently and future is to remain profitable and offer services and goods that are of high quality, the achievement of the objectives measurement of the firms differ relatively. The direction under which the three firms employ in achieving their operational objectives can be considered to be different. Corporate social responsibility is one of the main objectives of the firms in undertaking their operations. The corporate social responsibilities of the firms are the reflected in their vision and value statements to the public. Corporate social responsibilities have been adopted by the firms in helping them to connect with the market through positive reputation that is essential in promoting their operations positively. However, the f irms do not employ quantitative measures of the corporate social responsibility achievements. Another aspect of the three firms is their core and threshold competencies that enable the firms in operating in the firm. The core and threshold competencies of Carillion firm are based on three capabilities of project finance, support services and construction services (Carillion, 2013). Project finance core competency of the organization helps the firm in to deliver asset-based services to the public sector. This is essential in allowing the firm to be attractive to the public sector customer on construction capabilities. Construction

The Declaration of Independence Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Declaration of Independence Analysis - Essay Example The scene in 1776 during the meeting of the Continental Congress in Philadelphia was a very crucial one. The colonists have already fought many battles together yet were missing on the aspect of unity(â€Å"Purpose of the Declaration of Independence.†). The Declaration of Independence was vital as it united the colonists since many were reluctant to break away from their birth nation. Many wanted to compromise and mend the relations with Great Britain. The Declaration of Independence boosted the unity of the colonists and boldly stated the justification for the separation from a ruthless regime (â€Å"Purpose of the Declaration of Independence.†). Another key purpose the declaration of independence served was to break away from the British government. One can easily say that the purpose of the Declaration of Independence was to explain the view of the colonies (Armitage 15). Since the founding fathers deemed it necessary that all men are created equal, everyone shall ha ve a chance of â€Å"life, liberty and pursuit of happiness.† The Declaration in essence proclaimed that if the government derives of these rights, they have the right to rebel (Armitage 16). Since men create governments to protect their rights, it is essential that that the government accommodates their needs. Hence, the Declaration of Independence was vital towards the independence movement. The Declaration of Independence was also critical as it asked for foreign help. Without a doubt, most countries such as France and Spain did not recognize America as a country. However, the Declaration of Independence assisted the colonists in their pursuit to ask for assistance in the international sphere (â€Å"Purpose of the Declaration of Independence.†). This unity was vital as it would appeal other nations to completely obliterate England’s power for its quest to dominate in the North American hemisphere. Lastly, the Declaration of Independence listed all the list of grievances against the king, which was vital towards the liberation movement. The lists of grievances outlined all the woes that the colonists had to face due to the King’s assent to law. In addition, the Declaration of Independence wanted to eliminate slave trade, which was rejected by the King himself((Jefferson 18). The grievances also stated that the king would appoint governors in each colony and impose a system of control. Any legislature that the King was not pleasing to him was immediately refuted by his highness. Moreover, the king insisted on stationing his army in the colonies without the legal consent of the colonists (Jefferson 20). The Quartering Act imposed by King George III was controversial as it was burden amongst the colonists to financially assist them. All these list of grievances and salutary neglect (â€Å"Purpose of the Declaration of Independence.†) against the King were outlined in the Declaration of Independence. Thus, the Declaration of In dependence hence was critical as it listed many flaws and justifications for the right to withdraw from George’s cruel law (Jefferson 24). Works Cited Armitage, David.  The Declaration of Independence: a global history. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2007. Print. Jefferson, Thomas, and Sam Fink.  The Declaration

Enusring Coherence in Curriculum Research Paper

Enusring Coherence in Curriculum - Research Paper Example The design should also offer room for advancement both of the curriculum structure as well as the curriculum content. Its application should also be practical in terms of implementation and should not contain any contradictory statements and strategies. These components relate directly to a coherent curriculum in my learning environment. The systematicness component ensures that all the activities in a curriculum are well connected to each other. This kind of connectivity assists in making the curriculum to be more coherent and, thus, promoting its ability to achieve its objectives. The completeness component ensures that all the parts of the curriculum are complete and that they have adequate contents. This promotes the connectivity of one part of the curriculum to the other, and, thus, making the curriculum to be coherent. The advancement component of the system design for curriculum provides room for advancement of the curriculum content. Through the advancement of the content, th eir connectivity and relationships can be enhanced, thus making the curriculum to be coherent. Practicability component makes all the parts of the curriculum to be easy to administer. ... Another best quality is that both of them assist in the selection and organization of learning experiences for effective instruction and achievement of learning objectives. Another very important quality of these two models is that they both provide a way of designing a mean of evaluation of the curriculum and its content. According to Erickson (2002, p. 44), â€Å"a coherent curriculum is one that holds that makes sense as a whole and one that has parts which are unified and interconnected†. The three best qualities of these two curriculum models I researched about promotion of unification of the different parts of the curriculum. They also promote the interconnection of various parts of a curriculum and they help the curriculum to make sense as a whole. They also enable the various parts of the curriculum to make sense and, hence, they are very fundamental in the promotion of coherence of the curriculum. Among the two models that I researched, the one which could be most eff ective in my current educational environment is the Tyler’s Model. This is because this model being among the modernism model is clearer, more simplified, more useful, and more comprehensive compared to the Gerlach and Ely Model. According to Dennis (2002), this model is appropriate for large scale mass education and it is also good for basics. Since my current educational environment involves teaching basics to a large group of students, this model will be the most appropriate for such an environment. Curriculum design There are various â€Å"Knows† in a curriculum design. One of them is what the students should know by the end of the curriculum. The other one is what the student

Hurricane Katrina and its Impact on the New Orleans Economy

Hurricane Katrina and its Impact on the New Orleans Economy Introduction The Hurricane Katrina of the 2005 had hit the areas like, Bahamas, Cuba, South Florida, Louisiana and especially, New Orleans as it was one of the deadliest hurricanes in the history of the United States. Its greatest impact was seen in New Orleans, Louisiana with estimations of about 80% of the city being wiped out and the overall damages due to hurricane were pegged at more than $200 billion and 1,836 people lost their lives. New Orleans Economy Though the region contributes merely 2% of the gross domestic product of the USA, it plays a vital role in the growth and development of the country as the New Orleans port is one of the busiest and largest in the world. It is also a centre for the maritime industry. Another key industry at New Orleans is the countrys one of the major sources for petrochemical productions with oil refining facilities. It is also one of the major educational hubs of the country homing over 50,000 degree students. Besides, tourists from worldwide folk at the pristine beaches of New Orleans with over $5.5 billion turnover every year contributing about 40% of the tax revenue of New Orleans with about 10 million visitors. New Orleans is also one of the 10 most visited cities in the USA. The employment scenario before the Hurricane Katrina was different in New Orleans which could be understood from the fact that from 1990 to 2000, the employment in U.S. economy grew by 19.5 percent creating more than 21 million jobs whereas for the corresponding period, the population in the country had increased by 13 percent i.e., about 32 million people. However, in New Orleans city lost both jobs and population in the same corresponding period. Little less than half of the population in the city was employed in hospitality, trading, medical and healthcare and government. (Cashell Labonte, 2005) However, there was a shift in pattern of the employment base and tourism became one of the major employers with contributing 16 percent of total employment and government employment was about 20 percent. At the same time, the gap of average wage between national rate and New Orleans had widened. Export Hub Having three main industries in New Orleans namely, ports, education and tourism which have remained backbone for the local employment. The ports at New Orleans have capacity of handling about 5,000 ships every year from the docks of 60 countries. The port of New Orleans along with the Port of South Louisiana near LaPlace accounts for the maximum bulk shipping in the world. The major exports from these ports are petroleum products, food and grain and minerals. Whereas, the key imports are mainly with Latin America which includes coffee, cocoa beans, chemicals and petroleum. (Cashell Labonte, 2005) Education New Orleans city has Tulane University located in along with the University of New Orleans, Lyoyla University, Xavier University, Southern University, Dillard University and Louisiana State University Medical School. New Orleans hence, is a major hub for the degree students enrolling significantly of African-American students. Post-Katrina Economic Impact Following the devastating hurricane Katrina, the loss of output reduced the economic growth of the region in later of 2005 and resumed the economic activities in early 2006. However, the increase in spending while rebuilding the city and restoration measures had expected to increase the growth rate of the region for first two quarters of 2006 and the macroeconomic advisors changed their estimations for the growth from 3.2 per cent each for both quarters in 2006 to 4.4 per cent and 3.8 per cent respectively. (AbcNews, n.d.). Impact on Energy and Trade For the nation as a whole, its Gulf Region is a key producer of oil and natural gas contributing 6.5 percent and 16 percent of consumption of crude oil and gas respectively. Due to Hurricane Katrina, the refining of crude oil and petroleum loss is estimated of about 2 million barrels per day as the refining capacities had to shut. Nonetheless, major pipelines supplying crude and petroleum to the East, South and Midwest costs also originate in Gulf which created impact on petroleum prices. Energy prices fluctuations in any economy leaves large impacts on the nation which has been observed in the disasters like wars and recessions. It leaves behind losses and opportunity losses hurdling the national growth rate indirectly. According to studies, mere 10 percent of rise in oil prices for about three months also can affect the cumulative growth of the economy curtailing it by about 0.7 per cent to 1.4 per cent per annum. It suggests that a small price rise in the key component like oil ca n have a modest impact and sharp impact on the national economy. According to the Energy Department, gasoline had set a new record price on September 5, 2005 at $3.07 per gallon. Dean Baker, economist and co-director at the Center for Economic and Policy Research had opined that the rise in prices was because of short in supply due to loss of refining capacity slowing the growth rate of economy slightly in the fourth quarter. These immediate effects had largely dissipated by the end of the year. If anything, the rebuilding from the storm (financed by insurance and government assistance) was giving a modest boost to the economy by the beginning of 2006, Dean was quoted in a news report. (AbcNews, n.d.) The hurricane in New Orleans had forced to cease about 95 per cent of oil production from very second day of the disaster striking. Though, the mammoth works of rebuilding and restorations were in place down to 10 months also from the day of disaster, the yearly oil production was 30 per cent less than before the Katrina. The refineries where shut down across the region and from nine facilities with capacity of refining up to 1.5 million barrels a day, seven were operational by November 2005 (Mcculey, 2007). Rest of two had taken longer time to commence. One of the refineries producing 247,000 barrels a day could start only after 8 months in May. Moreover, thousands of jobs were lost combining with the sharp increase in prices affecting the economic growth in the last quarter of 2005. The countrys GDP had seen a sharp fall in the growth rate at 1.8 per cent for the respective quarter in comparison to 4.2 per cent of GDP growth for the corresponding period in the previous year. Mesirow Financial chief economist Diane Swonk had commented that Katrina had left distortionary impact on the economy. After a hike in the fuel prices, they were again dipped less than $3 per gallon in first quarter of 2006 as the federal government along with the private enterprises had pumped in millions of dollars in rescue and restoration initiatives. The impact of this on GDP was very positive and the growth rate was registered at 5.6 per cent in the same period. Increase in household spending was also recovered in the same period with the fuel prices returning to normalcy. New Orleans after Two Years from the Disaster According to the Time Magazine, about 450,000 population of New Orleans had not returned to the city even after two years of the disaster after a majority population was evacuated and some had migrated in 2005. The unemployment rate had gone up in 2007 at 5.1 per cent from 4.5 per cent in 2006 in Orleans Parish. (Mcculey, 2007) The industries which had sustained the hurricane had started posting positive financial results which was a positive sign of the recovery though new enterprises were restraining from the region due to its vulnerability. (Brinkley, 2006) The ports of New Orleans were first to recover from the disaster and within two weeks of devastation, first ship call was received at the port. Sooner, the cargo traffic was in place contributing faster recovery as about 60,000 jobs were related to the ports and its operations in New Orleans. In 2007, about 500,000 passengers through cruise ship were estimated to arrive in New Orleans which was inching towards the figure of 2004 when 750,000 passengers through cruise had arrived at the port. (Dolfman, Wasser, Bergman, 2007) Conclusion Hence, the impact of Hurricane Katrina on the economy of New Orleans has been mixed as it shrunk the growth of the region but after the setback also rebounded with vengeance. It also changed the landscape of employment pattern and flow of tourists as tourism is one of the key industries here. The long lasting impact of the hurricane will remain in the minds of locals and those who lost their family and friends which could not be healed ever and as much as the economic damages can be. As the Time magazine had stated in its issue of 2007 that there were certain things in New Orleans which will never be like before. (Mcculey, 2007)

Trip :: essays research papers

THE TRIP It all started when my friend and I were off-roading and one of us had a marvel idea†¦ â€Å"Wouldn’t this be fun to do in Colorado?† So it begins, I mention that I have a cousin that lives in Colorado, and that we could stay with him and his family. We planned the trip for August 10th. Turns out this will be the most liberating and most independent event in my life. Thursday, August 10th rolls around, we get and start loading the jeep, and hit the highway. Just knowing that we were on our own was such a big challenge for us, never in our lives have we gone on trip with out the financial support and guidance of our parents. As we approach the first big city Omaha, I have to guide him and tell him which exits to take and when we got out of there it was such an accomplishment. After Omaha we had to fill up the tank for the first time. Never in my life have I argued with my best friend about the stupidest thing. Who, is going to pay for the first gas fill-up? After about 10 minutes of arguing we finally decided to flip a coin to see who would pay. Turns out there are some rules about coin flipping that I didn’t know about. We just had a mutual agreement to alternate who pays for gas. That was only the first major delay in our trip. As we start on the long stretch of nothingness people refer to as the Nebraska highway, I realized that a box shaped automobile isn’t the most aerodynamic car in the world. Turn out this is going to be a 16-hour trip to Gunnison Colorado instead of a 14 hours. Just one more delay on our trip. Have you ever felt so overwhelmed, like the weight of the world is on your shoulders? That’s kind of how I felt, when trying to direct my friend through the city of Denver. It was one of the most challenging things to try and explain to someone else what I see on the map and how to get through the Mixmaster’s of Denver. We only ended up stopping and asking for directions about every other exit. Just one more small delay in our trip. As night falls the Rocky Mountains rise, right into our path and get to my cousin’s house we had to travel through Monarch Pass which is probably one of the hardest ones to drive due to the lack of lighting and curves.

Office Space

Office space, a critically acclaimed film, although it may seem like this was a comically movie, it tells a much deeper story. Peter Giffins goes to work every day and really hates what he does until a hypnotist brakes the cycle of mundane and boring days . This movie sheds like on the stereo type of cubical America, in the 90s. My analysis will focus on emotional competency; the stress brought on to Peter and how he effectively dealt with it, identity management, listening responses, communication climate, and conflict management styles that take place in this movie.Peter has quite the identity management crises over the course of the movie. Identity management (page 445) is the communication strategies people use to influence how others view them. Peter does this by changing his actions from when he is at work and when he is at home. When peter is at work he acts like a happy employee, but when he is at home all he can do is complain about work and think about work. He even at one point in the move told the hypnotist â€Å"Every day is worst then the last†. That doesn’t sound like a man who loves his job.Peter also manages his identity by using nonverbal communications At one point in the movie, office space, peter uses his hands to communicate a strong gesture of hate as he pretends to shoot up his office building. The main actor peter also uses plenty of facile expressions to also help drive his hate in. Nonverbal communications do not even have to be gestures they can be as simple, as his boss, Lumbergh’s not making eye contact when he talks to his employees, or the way he stands when talking to petter.Peter meets a lovely waitress, in the move, Joanna, who is played by Jennifer Anderson. Joanna’s boss communicates with her by using his, language illustrate concerns by using vague terms, abstractions and constructively. He does this by asking her about only having 16 pieces of â€Å"flair†. The minimum requirement for her job, at Chotckeys, as a waitress is 16 but the â€Å"over achiever† waiter has 36 pieces of â€Å"flair†. Her boss beats about the bush and basically states â€Å" Brian has 36 pieces of â€Å"flair†. He could have used more sincere language and just asked her to put more â€Å"flair† on. Peters boss, Lumbergh, shows poor listening responses by not even looking a peter when he is talking to him. Lumbergh also does not even respond correctly to the rebuttals from peter about the cover letters. Peter told his boss at one point in the movie, office space, â€Å"I already have the cover sheet, right here. † Lumbergh responds by saying â€Å"I’ll have a copy sent to you. † Lumbergh’s shows a complete disregard for what peter told him.Our book states(page 237) that mindless listing, occurs when we react to others’ messages automatically and routinely, without much mental investment. Lumbergh’s responses are all mindle ss responses thought out the movie, office space. In the movie office space the communication between managers and employees are disconfirming by the simple fact that no one lesions to any one or knows any one, one example of this is when another employee doesn’t even know the peters friends names when she hands back the mail.

Payroll system Essay

INTRODUCTION Information Technology is the study, design, development, implementation and support management of information system. It helps to produce, manipulate, store, communicate and/or disseminate information. We used the term information technology or IT to refer to an entire industry. In actuality, information technology is the use of computers and software to manage information. In some companies, this is referred to as Management Information Services (or MIS) or simply as Information Services (or IS). The information technology department of a large company could be responsible for storing, protecting processing, transmitting and retrieving the information as necessary. Nowadays all establishment are becoming modernized, they use modern technologies to make their transaction fast, easy and accurate in order to avoid waste of time and for the sake of safety and security. It also helps human to solve and understand complex problem and analysis such as computational need of human. Implementing such kind of payroll system make their transactions easy and accurate and to secure their files and data. It will be time consuming to the administrator to locate such file in order to provide the teachers request. And by doing so the administrator can easily compute the salary of a teacher and deduct the necessary taxes through their computers. It would going to be efficient for an establishment will going to consume workers just to manage the system. Only such that the teacher should used his/her valid ID to enter on school and for requesting area he/she only needs to present the teacher id to process his/her request and all the data transactions will be going to save into the administrator account. By proposing this kind of system might can do help into a certain said school to manage their payroll system in a fast, easy, efficient ways. Hoping that it would help a lot to the management to easily control their system and performed it excellently through the cooperation of their employee and staffs. OBJECTIVES Computers have the great impact on the profession of accounting. With the rapid growth of technology today, there is no doubt that computer will become a common asset in all profession. As computer technology changes at such fast phase, many businesses sectors try to cope up by upgrading computer system constantly in order to stay competitive. The multi-function ability of technology for its advance system is also an important factor for a company to use software. Payroll Management System by using input device such as computer to store data is one of the software that the professional is develop, the system is good for its specialty in the fields of accounting, It is easy to use and effective and efficient in organizing and calculating the salary transactions. While in manual system payroll are difficult and hard-work, you need more time in order to make your school payroll computations accurately, manageable and reliable to your employees. In addition, in manual computation we cannot say that, there are no human errors in computing the payroll, same in computerization process, but similar to the manual process. And because of the bulkiness of the school employee that needs to pay for their services, the school needs more time to calculate and to reconcile their payroll. In order to solution this problem, they should developed the alternative solutions using the advance technology, by merging the software and hardware technology. It is a Computerized Payroll System. The system will give a big relief to the employee and employers as well, to minimized their time consuming for inputting information and computations to the payroll process. PROJECT CONTEXT Technology pretty much touches all of our lives in some way and hence technology news is a vital resource that can keep us up to date with developments and ways in which the world will be changing. For instance, the onset of digital television is something that will affect most people; news stories that inform us of the dates for the switch over are vital so the average member of public can understand when their analogue signal will be turned off. In the same way, news of technologies that may make our cars safer and more efficient is important to all those who drive on our roads. Today’s world is full of pieces of technology that we take for granted, the microchip has truly revolutionized the way in which we live and do business. The world we see would not be recognizable to people of a few generations ago and nowhere is this truism greater than in the world of computing. Hence it is important to stay up to date with technology news; while many may think that this type of news is purely for geeks it is clear that all of us should have at least a passing interest in news of technological developments. The phenomena is only set to continue, as computers become more powerful and have greater and greater applications it will not be long that we will plan our lives around the computer. This is not an attempt to act as a harbinger of doom, it is just theorizing on ways in which technology will impact upon the human race. Computers are used in every industry and type of business today. They come in many different forms and new uses are being developed constantly. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Our task is to creation a new payroll system. The old system is outdated and no longer adequately manages the payroll process and the entry of employee time card information. Therefore, manual intervention is required to process the payroll. In addition to the preexisting category of salaried employee, which the current payroll process does support, our organization now accommodates two new types of employees: those employees working on commission, and those employees working on an hourly basis. The current payroll process doesn’t support these two new employee types, which are described in detail later in this problem statement. In addition to accommodating all employee types, as well as ensuring that our system can accommodate newly created categories of employees in the future, the system must also allow each of these employees to save his or her data information or daily time record through presenting his/her valid ID, or any valid data that support his/her request. The Administrator is the only assign person who is capable to have an account and to access in order to save and retrieve such kind of teachers list of data’s being given . The payroll process can process only â€Å"signed† time cards, which are those time cards that the employee has identified as accurate. Overall, the system will store information about the approximately 2,000 schoolteacher employees. The payroll process must run on the fifteenth and last day of each month at 12:00 A.M. Eventually, the system must enable employees to maintain their direct request information via the system as well. However, this feature is beyond the scope of the initial release. If we basically compare to the manual process and computerized process. The administrator consumes a lot of time in calculating each employee’s Salary and recoding as well. It took several hours to finish a manual calculation for the Employee’s salary. It also consumes a lot of time to search for their names one by one and it’s not well organized. After a manual calculation has been done, the user still has to encode it for a record. The computation that have been made is also need to be written on a brown envelop together with their cash pay. While in computerized payroll system process the administrator will save a lot of time with less effort in calculating each employee’s Salary and recoding as well. FEASIBILITY FACTORS In the field of computer and technology, there always an option to automate things likes payroll system. But of course, A feasibility study should be conducted in order to see the benefits of computerized payroll system over manual payroll system as well as other alternatives. At first, you should study the organizational systems such as the users, policies, functions and objectives. Consider also the problems existing over the present systems like redundancies, inconsistencies and slow services. Also, know the constraints such as the nonfunctional requirement. After analyzing the present or current system, possible alternatives should be presented. Sticking to the current or present system is always an alternative. Advantages and disadvantages of each alternative should be discussed. In addition, the computation of payback analysis, net present value analysis, and return on investment analysis should be included in your feasibility study. If there is a feasibility study, the best alternative is to be preferred by the management because there a chance of comparing alternative. Feasibility study will determine the best solution to the problems. After all, feasibility study is written to assess each alternative and come out of the best alternative that will benefit the intended people involved in this study. This project proposal is conducted in order to give and see the benefit of computerized payroll system over manual payroll system as well as other alternatives. In manual payroll system accounting has a hard time to do all things such kind of work like saving all the data files of their school teacher employee and do such kind of mathematical computation to calculate the salary of the teachers wages and taxes deduction. Having a hard time to locate such requested files to processed. That’s why we do proposed this kind of system to letting their realize that there is such a possible way to make their works faster and completely done . The only main advantage of this system is that they can process data and compute salary more than a manual form can do. But also we cannot say that this proposed system is such a perfect idea theres also a disadvantage on it. Using a computerized payroll system comes with its own set of problems, such as the need to protect against data loss through power failure or viruses, and the danger of hackers stealing data. Computer fraud is also a concern, and you need to instigate a system of controls for who has access to the information, particularly teacher information. If there is a security breach and data is stolen, management can be held personally liable for the loss of data. You also need to make sure that the data has been correctly entered into the system, as a mistake in data entry can throw off a whole set of data. A payroll system involves everything that has to do with the payment of employees and the filing of employment taxes. This includes keeping track of hours, calculati ng wages, withholding taxes and other deductions, printing and delivering checks and paying employment taxes to the government. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY Speed in processing payroll system will have a faster performance by means of decreasing the manual input areas. Mathematical errors will be prevented by automatic computations that the proposed, system will provide and you may not have to worry about having financial or legal trouble. Do the salary computation/transaction with the deduction of taxes through computerized system for fast processing. Tallying of time cards will be done automatically by only presenting /tapping his/her valid teacher ID to the accounting department . In the proposed system the administrator is the one responsible in computing that the time the employee worked. The proposed system will record all data in all reports at the same time so you can make sure they are consistent and it also saves time. Employers will never have to spend much time in keeping up to date with taxes and deductions because the system will be designed updated to such deductions. Storage of files will be safe and secured for which only the administrator has the only have the privileged and also not easily be accessed. Easy to manage and handle by a certain person , doing such work like saving, retrieving and computing faster. The teacher can access their data files but only just to view it to make them updated regarding with their salary transaction. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE In less than a generation, computer technology has revolutionized business all over the world. This has brought about changes in the area of business, finance, industry, government, agriculture, education, health care, sports and even on our personal lives. Today, computers do much of the works. Data collection continues to become easier and easier, data processing is getting faster and faster, mathematical calculations continue to be performed with increased precision and information is being provided to users in generally more useful forms. Such that was made possible through the use of electronic files and database. This chapter presents some of the previous related works relevant to the understanding of the problem. In order to gather information, We used books, thesis and encyclopedia. The wide spread development of digital technology also results to parallel advance in software, which allows this technology to be used by persons other than computer experts. The database has become a central organized framework for information system, taking advantage of the concept of data independence that allows sharing among diverse system – organized collection of data maintained and used with the aid of management information system (mis). It is a state of the art information system process and retrieve information ever faster, they are more robust in terms of the volume of data that they can process and in terms of reliability; and their performance is more cost-effective. BUTUAN CITY SCHOOL OF ARTS AND TRADES PAYROLL SYSTEM A Documentation Presented to the Computer Studies Program Father Saturnino Urios University Butuan City In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Subject SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN IT 304 By: Rheman Tidalgo Analyn Rivera Ailyn Son September 19, 2013 DEDICATION This project proposal is dedicated to the BCSAT School Department And to the Teachers Faculty Staff Accounting Department TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TITLE PAGE i INTRODUCTION ii OBJECTIVES iii ACKNOWLEDGMENT iv DEDICATION x ABSTRACT xi LIST OF TABLES xii CHAPTER 1. PROJECT CONTEXT Background of the Study 1 Review and Literature 1 2. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 3. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 4. FEASIBILITY FACTORS

Windows NT 40 Workstation year 2000 compliance essays

Windows NT 40 Workstation year 2000 compliance essays Background: To determine whether or not WinNT 4.0 is within year 2000 compliance. From the outlined testing procedures found in the 'YEAR 2000 Testing memo', it was decided that since WinNT is an OS it is 'date sensitive'. From this, all outlined tests were performed. The data gathered is represented in table form. Equipment: To test, a Compaq Prolinea 590 was used with the latest bios installed (04/09/97). The machine had WINNT 4.0 installed with Service Pack 3.0 patch for the OS. Testing Procedure: To determine if Windows NT 4.0 would roll to the appropriate date, the control panel applet "DATE In each case, after the time rolled, the date was checked to find the correct date. WinNT Explorer was then opened and a file in the 'c:winnt' directory was changed to check whether or not a saved file corresponded with the correct date. The data from these tests is defined in the following table. 'Data Results: The testing actually caused several different things to happen to the OS. Whenever I rolled the date forward, The following directories changed t...

Georg Hegel Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Georg Hegel - Research Paper Example He saw the problems that were prevalent in Scotland and England and considered whether these problems could be avoided in Germany. In addition, he showed concern as to what had happened to the European promise of enlightenment. Because of Germany’s perceived backwardness, Hegel was able to see a distinctive angle to most of these questions. After studying the works of the Scots, he contended that the two countries were outside and inside a developing civil society. Vital for him was a comparison with an idealized view of the Polis in Greece where there was harmony contrasted with the modern world’s discord (Hegel 85). Hegel was particularly enamored with Ferguson who had pointed out clear parallels between the Greek Polis, the Native North Americans, and the Scottish highland clans, which Hegel found to contrast with civil society favorably. Hegel, rather than choosing to ignore the bourgeois class’ repulsive forms that were appearing throughout the continent, ch ose to reconcile these with humanity and its advance to freedom. 2. Does Hegel see reality as static or dynamic Hegel disputes reality’s static nature as proposed by Aristotle, choosing to view it as essentially dynamic. This was because reality tends to pass into nothing by its nature, before going back in the higher concept of itself and becoming again (Hegel 87). This contrasts with Aristotle’s view that nothing was ever more certain than what was the same as itself and that everything was the exact way it was. If that would be a table, according to Aristotle that was the entire truth of the table. However, for Hegel, reality was dynamic and another truth was equally essential about the table; it will become ashes and was previously a tree. Therefore, dynamism and becoming is reality’s best expression, rather than being. Becoming is the best expression of thought since when we become, we get the best knowledge, especially because one knows what it is, what it was, and what the thing will be and the way in which it developed. Hegel contends that mind and life appear when one advances in the development scale, just like nothing and being develop to become, to appear as the process’ third term, which, in turn, develops to higher concepts and forms (Hegel 87). 3. Give an example of the Hegelian Dialectic Hegel gave an outline of his dialectics and gave its purpose as the study of things as they are, as well as their movement, in order to give a demonstration of the finite nature of partial understanding categories. An important principle in his dialectics was the transformation of quantity into quality (Hegel 89). Hegel termed this as a measure, which is the qualitative amount and the amount is quantity’s existence. The identity that exists between quality and quantity that is in the measure is only implicit at first. The two categories that are united by measure have a different and independent authority. While it is possible to alter the existing features of quantity sans any effect of on quality, the diminution and increase, even if immaterial, has limits that when exceeded causes the quality to suffer. When the present quantity in a specific measure goes past a particular limit, the corresponding quality will also suffer. However, it does not negate quality, only definite quality. Hegel uses water’s aggregation whose temperature is not a consequence

MATHEMATICAL STATISTIC AND ITS IMPACT ON LAWENFORCEMENT Term Paper

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Jesus Christ Essay Example for Free

Jesus Christ Essay Hate is one of the human’s feelings. It is a complex subject to study its reasons, causes and consequences. Broadly saying hate in this or that manifestation is one of the reasons of the majority of the violent crimes. Hate is used as an ideological background for a number of violent acts ranging from the street and terrorist attacks to full scale wars. Hate may be either justified in this or that way or it may be impulsive, based on the race, religion, sexual orientation, ethnicity, or national origin. In the first case when the hate is caused by the unjust treatment it may be defined as rational, in the second one it is irrational (John R. Schafer, MA and Joe Navarro, MA, 2003). One of the most significant examples of the hate group is Aryan Nations. Aryan Nations is a typical hate organization promoting the white race supremacy. It is the political arm of the White Identity Church of Jesus Christ-Christian, long led by Richard Butler. The movement promotes the heresy known as Christian Identity. (Apologetics Index, 2006). The ideological background of the Aryan Nations is anti-Semitism. Paramilitary hate group Aryan Nations was founded in the mid-1970s by Rev. Richard Girnt Butler, now 77 years old. It was formed around Butlers Church of Jesus Christ Christian, one of the several hundred churches affiliated with Identity, a pseudo-theological hate movement. Identity doctrine maintains that Anglo-Saxons, not Jews, are the Biblical chosen people, that non-whites are mud people on the level of animals, and that Jews are children of Satan. (The Nizkor Project, 2006). The anti-Semitism has been of the main hate ideologies since the biblical times. It was utilized by the worst human hating regimes, the most vivid examples of which were the Fascist regimes in Germany and Italy. The anti-Semitism doctrine as an ideology compromised itself in the 20th century. Aryan Nations militantly advocates anti-Semitism and the establishment of a white racist state. A statement of beliefs on the Aryan Nations Web site declares: The Jew is like a destroying virus that attacks our racial body to destroy our Aryan culture and purity of our race. Those of our Race who resist these attacks are called chosen and faithful. † (Aryan Nations/Church of Jesus Christ Christian, 2006). In their â€Å"Declaration of Independence† the ideologists of the Aryan Nations declare threat to the white Americans from the federal government which pursues the interests of the Jewish rulers. The ideologists of the Aryan Nations state that only the Anglo-Saxon, Germanic, Teutonic, Scandinavian, Celtic peoples are the descendants of biblical Adam and the rest are the descendants of Cain and they are the results of the Eve’s original sin. The Aryan Nations leaders identify the Jews as the main threat to the white race. This movement could be considered as political and a religious movement. This is one of the causes of the extreme danger of Aryan Nations. Violence is declared by the leaders of the group. The motto of the group as indicated in its web site is Violence Solves Everything! †. Still the original biblical part of the ideology of the Aryan Nation has been completely confused because the calls for violence became the dominating ones. The ideologies of Aryan Nations declaring their Christian origin try to support their violent call with the Muslim militant motto â€Å"Allahu Akbar! † (http://www. aryan-nations. org/) thus bringing complete confusion into their ideological basis. According to Aryan Nations â€Å"That VIOLENCE IS THE ONLY SOLUTION! You can no longer look toward local, state or federal law enforcement authorities to protect you, your families or your interests from these invaders† (Aryan Nations web site, 2006). The â€Å"Christian† identity of Aryan Nations was expressed by the leader of the group August Kreis in his comments on the 9/11 attacks and his attitude towards Al-Qaeda, â€Å"You say theyre terrorists, I say theyre freedom fighters. And I want to instill the same jihadic feeling in our peoples heart, in the Aryan race, that they have for their father, who they call Allah. (Henry Schuster, March 29, 2005). Such sayings put off the religious part from the Aryan Nations ideology leaving the extremist one. Terror unites the â€Å"proponents† of some special â€Å"violent† Christianity and Mohammedanism. In fact the only things which may unite both groups are the hate, extremism and terror which they share as basic of their ideologies. In fact, Aryan Nations have a lot of common features with the extremist Muslim groups. They share the same anti-Semitism, they accept the same terror methods and they lack any constructive ideology. They both base their activity on the hate which is destructive in its nature. The numerous hate groups whose ideologies are based on the irrational hatred can hardly find any serious political support in such democratic and a multinational country as the United States. As for the connections of the hate groups with the Muslim extremists, they are not new. During the WWII the leader of the German Nazis Adolph Hitler tried to find the connections with the Muslim extremists. Moreover, some Nazis found refuge in Egypt and Syria after WWII. At the same time it is too early to speak about the real alliance between Neo-Nazis and Muslim extremists. Most likely the leaders of Aryan Nations express their desire to create such an alliance and it proves the ultimate danger of the group. â€Å"Mark Potok, of the Southern Poverty Law Center, said that while some U. S. extremists applauded the September 11 attacks, there is no indication of such an alliance at least not yet, and not on a large scale. If it exists anywhere, he said, it is in the mind (and the Internet postings) of August Kreis. † (Henry Schuster, 2005). At the same time the Aryan Nations desire to link to the most dangerous terrorist organization confirms the fact that Aryan Nations may become the serious threat to the national security of the United States. Bibliography John R. Schafer, MA and Joe Navarro, MA, The seven-stage hate model: The psychopathology of hate groups, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin/March 1, 2003, available at http://www. rickross. com/reference/hate_groups/hategroups355. html, retrieved 06. 12. 2006

History of Tet Offensive

History of Tet Offensive Jordan Dingle The Tet offensive was an operation that took place in 1968 from January 30th to mid-August and was the largest military campaign of the Vietnam war. It involved nearly 80,000 North Vietnamese attacking more than 100 towns and cities in South Vietnam simultaneously. The offensive was a complete surprise to the South Vietnamese and the Americans, as it was thought to be impossible for the NVA to carry out an operation this large and no fighting was expected to happen because of the Tet holiday (Willbanks, 2007). This operation became a turning point for the American-Vietnam war as the offensive caused the U.S. to lose control of some cities temporarily and it showed the American public that the U.S. was not winning the war as the government had previously claimed. Prior to the Tet offensive, the U.S. faced declining support from the public in its foreign policy methods in Vietnam. U.S. citizens faced rising taxes and increasing U.S. casualty numbers in Vietnam. Many people were starting to feel that it was a mistake to send soldiers to Vietnam and that it was a hopeless cause. Public opinion polls at the time showed that the percentage of Americans who believed that the U.S. had made a mistake by sending troops to Vietnam had risen from roughly 25 percent in 1965 to about 45 percent by December 1967 (Willbanks, 2007). The U.S. military and President Lyndon B. Johnsons administration attempted to alter the publics viewpoint on the war by feeding the media optimistic information about the war. On the North Vietnamese side, there were concerns about the direction of the war and the affect it was having the capability of North Vietnam being able to sustain itself as country. Constant U.S. aerial bombings had decimated North Vietnams economic capability and the government realized that at the current rate, North Vietnam would lack the ability to affect the war in South Vietnam. The operation went into its planning stages in the early months of 1967 and was decided to take place on the Tet holiday to surprise unsuspecting American and South Vietnamese forces.   The North Vietnamese believed that the widespread offensive would cause the people of South Vietnam to revolt against the South Vietnamese government. While the offensive did cause the tide of the war to change, it did not cause mass uprisings (Bradley, 2009). The first phase of the Tet offensive began in the early hours of January 30th when the NVA and Viet Cong initiated attacks on all major cities in central Vietnam including Nha Trang, Hoi An, Pleiku, and Da Nang. On January 31st, another major attack was initiated in various major cities and bases in Southern Vietnam. Much of the forces in the operation were focused on South Vietnams capital, Saigon. North Vietnamese forces, while not able to take control of the city, managed to attack critical strategic points around the city. At the same time, the north Vietnamese forces and Viet Cong successfully attacked and captured the city of Hue in central Vietnam. It took the U.S. 25 days to fight back the North Vietnamese and retake the city (Willbanks, 2007). The North Vietnamese initiated a second phase to the offensive on May 4th and attacked various targets across South Vietnam again. But this time the Americans and South Vietnamese were prepared and the offensive was considerably less successful. The 2nd phase ended in late May. The third and final phase of the Tet offensive began on August 17th and was easily repelled by the South Vietnamese and Americans. This last attack was considered a dismal failure as it had little effect on any South Vietnamese or American positions (Willbanks, 2007). Although the Tet offensive did not achieve its goal of initiating uprisings throughout South Vietnam, it did inflict heavy damage on American and South Vietnamese forces. It allowed the Viet Cong to take control of the rural areas of Vietnam, especially in the Mekong Delta. The offensive put South Vietnam into turmoil as it was the first time that the war had reached any urban areas in South Vietnam. It reduced confidence in the government in their ability to protect its citizens from the Viet Cong. The battles that took place destroyed thousands of homes, displaced, injured and killed thousands of people. The human and material cost to South Vietnam was staggering. The number of civilian casualties was estimated by the government to be over 14,000 with at least 20,000 wounded.The North Vietnamese had suffered incredible amounts of casualties. Some estimates place the number of casualties to be over 180,000 dead during 1968.The offensive was the largest number of casualties that the North Vietnamese had faced in the war. The situation was so dire, that many Viet Cong cadres had to be replaced partially by North Vietnamese Army regulars. Although the North Vietnamese lost many soldiers in the South, they acknowledged the benefits of the Tet offensive. General Tran Do, one of the commanders in the battle of Hue, stated In all honesty, we didnt achieve our main objective, which was to spur uprisings throughout the South. Still, we inflicted heavy casualties on the Americans and their puppets, and this was a big gain for us. As for making an impact in the United States, it had not been our intention-but it turned out to be a fortunate result (Karnow, 1988). The aftermath of the Tet offensive also brought about more international influence into the Vietnam conflict. The Paris peace talks, which took place in May of 1968 initiated negotiations between the U.S. and North Vietnam while allowing third-party influence into the politics of the region. In short, the Tet offensive changed both the DRV and the U.S.s goals of military and political victory against each other to negotiations and de-escalation (Bradley 2009). The results of the Tet offensive also spread the conflict into the border regions of Cambodia and Laos. Before and during the Tet offensive, the North Vietnamese used the Ho Chi Minh trail, which lead through southern Laos and Eastern Cambodia, to send supplies and reinforcements to Viet Cong cadres in South Vietnam. This supply route, was the main resource in preparing the Viet Cong for the Tet offensive After the offensive failed, the U.S. began bombing campaigns in Laos and Cambodia along the Ho Chi Minh trail. These bombings eliminated Laos and Cambodias neutrality and dragged them into conflict within their own borders (Kranow, 1988). In the U.S., the aftermath of the offensive created a crisis for the Johnson administration. Public opinion was now overwhelmingly against the war. The U.S. had suffered much casualties with over 16,000 soldiers killed by the end of 1968. A new draft was also called in 1968 calling for 48,000 men to be enlisted. These factors brewed heavy discontentment with the U.S. government and the Johnson administration. The Tet offensive certainly made an impact on the 1968 presidential election and Lyndon B. Johnsons decision to not run for re-election. The new administration of Richard Nixon oversaw the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Vietnam, allowing the North Vietnamese to capture Saigon and reunify Vietnam. Works Cited Bradley, Mark. Vietnam at War. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2009. Web. Bradley, Mark, and Marilyn Blatt. Young. Making Sense of the Vietnam Wars: Local, National, and Transnational Perspectives. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2008. Web. Karnow, Stanley. Vietnam, a History. Norwalk, CT: Easton, 1988. Web. Willbanks, James H. The Tet Offensive: A Concise History. New York: Columbia UP, 2007. Web.